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another set of 55 peanut accessions into four genotype classes ( Ol1O-
l1Ol2Ol2 , ol1ol1Ol2Ol2 , Ol1Ol1ol2ol2 , and ol1ol1ol2ol2 ) using SNP
markers from the FAD genes by real-time PCR (Barkley et al. 2011),
which had signi
les. These observations
demonstrate that marker-assisted breeding is feasible to alter fatty acid
pro
cantly different fatty acid pro
le of peanut. The PCR assays and the markers reported herein are
however speci
c to detecting FAD2 alleles to the F435-2-type mutation.
AFLP markers, E44-M53 440 mapped at 6.6 cM and E44-M53 520 at
8.8 cM from the resistance gene, and linked with resistance to seed
infection by A.
avus , have been reported in peanut (Lei et al. 2005).
Further validation involving 31 peanut genotypes differing in resistance
revealed that the two markers are closely associated with resistance to
seed infection. Lei et al. (2006) converted E44-M53 440 into a sequence-
characterized ampli
ed region (SCAR) marker, named as AFs-412,
which was found associated with seed infection resistance in most of
the resistant genotypes screened, but not found in susceptible peanut
genotypes, indicating that this SCAR marker can be used for marker-
assisted breeding for resistance to seed infection by A.
avus .
The ICRISAT peanut breeding program has been successful in select-
ing for either the high (
>
<
45%) trait into
improved genetic backgrounds (ICRISAT 2010), which may be obtained
for further evaluation and adaptation test by National Agricultural
Research System (NARS) peanut breeding programs. Although some
of the ICRISAT-bred advanced lines (CS 39, ICGV 05155, and ICGV
06040) possessed higher grain Fe and Zn, the targeted breeding for
developing grain Fe- and Zn-dense peanut cultivars is yet to begin.
The U.S. peanut breeders have successfully introgressed the high oleate
trait into improved genotypes (runner, Virginia, and Spanish market
types) through conventional breeding and selection, for example, Andru
II, ANorden, Brantley, Florida 07, Georgia 02C, Georgia 05E, Georgia
09B, Georgia 08V, Georgia 11J, Georgia Hi-O/L, GP 1, Hull, Red River
Runner, SunOleic 95R, SunOleic 97R, Tamrun OL 01, Tamrun OL 02,
Tamrun OL 06, Tamrun OL 11, TX 977164, and TX 977239 (Gorbet and
Knauft, 1997, 2000; Branch, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009a,b, Branch, 2012;
Simpson et al. 2003a,b, Simpson et al. 2006; Baring et al. 2006, 2013;
Gorbet 2006, 2007a,b,c, 2009; Isleib et al. 2006; Gorbet and Tillman 2009;
Melouk et al. 2012), with some of these possessing fungal and/or virus
resistance and commercially grown in the United States. More recently,
the U.S. researchers have also introgressed high oleate trait into Valencia
market types, which are being experimentally tested for their yield and
grade characteristics prior to their release in western Texas and eastern
New Mexico, USA (N. Puppala, New Mexico State Univ., New Mexico,
55% oil) or the low oil (
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