Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
In this situation, cells lable blue/purple in color after cresyl violet staining
(Fig.
9.7a
, 3rd low & b). The silver deposits over the cells represent mRNA gene
expression and can be observed and measured qualitatively under a microscope.
Gene expression can be quantifi ed at the cellular level by counting the average num-
ber of silver grains over cells relative to the background silver grains elsewhere on
the tissue or slide.
In dark fi eld the silver grains refl ect light coming from the side and appear as the
white dots (Fig.
9.7a
, 4th low). The cresyl violet stain appears as a purple/red color.
In the dark fi eld view, the hybridization signal is easier to visualize under lower
magnifi cation, and its image is commonly used to show the overall gene expression
pattern.
References
Burmeister SS, Jarvis ED, Fernald RD (2005) Rapid behavioral and genomic responses to social
opportunity. PLoS Biol 3:e363
Chen CC, Wada K, Jarvis ED (2012) Radioactive in situ hybridization for detecting diverse gene
expression patterns in tissue. JVis Exp pii:3764
Clayton DF (2000) The genomic action potential. Neurobiol Learn Mem 74:185-216
Cole AJ, Saffen DW, Baraban JM, Worley PF (1989) Rapid increase of an immediate early gene
messenger RNA in hippocampal neurons by synaptic NMDA receptor activation. Nature
340:474-476
Greenberg ME, Ziff EB, Greene LA (1986) Stimulation of neuronal acetylcholine receptors
induces rapid gene transcription. Science 234:80-83
Guzowski JF, McNaughton BL, Barnes CA, Worley PF (1999) Environment-specifi c expression of
the immediate-early gene Arc in hippocampal neuronal ensembles. Nat Neurosci
2:1120-1124
Haesler S, Wada K, Nshdejan A, Morrisey EE, Lints T, Jarvis ED, Scharff C (2004) FoxP2 expres-
sion in avian vocal learners and non-learners. J Neurosci 24:3164-3175
Horita H, Wada K, Rivas MV, Hara E, Jarvis ED (2010) The dusp1 immediate early gene is regu-
lated by natural stimuli predominantly in sensory input neurons. J Comp Neurol
518:2873-2901
Jarvis ED, Nottebohm F (1997) Motor-driven gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
94:4097-4102
Jarvis ED, Ribeiro S, da Silva ML, Ventura D, Vielliard J, Mello CV (2000) Behaviourally driven
gene expression reveals song nuclei in hummingbird brain. Nature 406:628-632
Jarvis ED, Scharff C, Grossman MR, Ramos JA, Nottebohm F (1998) For whom the bird sings:
context-dependent gene expression. Neuron 21:775-788
Jarvis ED, Schwabl H, Ribeiro S, Mello CV (1997) Brain gene regulation by territorial singing
behavior in freely ranging songbirds. Neuroreport 8:2073-2077
Kiya T, Kunieda T, Kubo T (2007) Increased neural activity of a mushroom body neuron subtype
in the brains of forager honeybees. PLoS One 2:e371
Loebrich S, Nedivi E (2009) The function of activity-regulated genes in the nervous system.
Physiol Rev 89:1079-1103
Mello CV, Clayton DF (1994) Song-induced ZENK gene expression in auditory pathways of song-
bird brain and its relation to the song control system. J Neurosci 14:6652-6666
Mello CV, Vicario DS, Clayton DF (1992) Song presentation induces gene expression in the song-
bird forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6818-6822
