Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
neutral, its activity decreases, but it retains a certain sophistication, becoming exotic. The associ-
ation of brown with earth and wood creates a sense of comfort and safety. The solidity of the color,
because of its organic connotation, evokes feelings of timelessness and lasting value. Brown's nat-
ural qualities are perceived as rugged, ecological, and hardworking; its earthy connection connotes
trustworthiness and durability.
The ultimate neutral, gray may be perceived as noncommittal, but can be formal, dignified, and
authoritative. Lacking the emotion that chroma carries, it may seem aloof or suggest untouchable
wealth. Gray may be associated with technology, especially when presented as silver. It suggests
precision, control, competence, sophistication, and industry.
Unknowable and extreme, black is the strongest color in the visible spectrum. Its density and con-
trast are dominant, but it seems neither to recede nor to advance in space. Its indeterminate quality
reminds viewers of nothingness, outer space, and, in Western culture, death. Its mystery is per-
ceived as formal and exclusive, suggesting authority, superiority, and dignity.
In a subtractive color model, white represents the presence of all color wavelengths; in an additive
model, it is the absence of color. Both of these models help form the basis for white's authoritat-
ive, pure, and all-encompassing power. As the mixture of all colors of light, it connotes spiritual
wholeness and power. Around areas of color activity in a composition—especially around black,
its ultimate contrast—white appears restful, stately, and pure.
The Identity of Color
Chromatic Interaction
Color Systems
