An Introductory Perspective to Horticulture: Plants for People and Places - Horticulture: Plants for People and Places - page 12

Fig. 1.5 Intensive lettuce
production
yields of high quality products. Where these conditions are not favourable the grow-
ing environment is often modified by the use of glasshouses and greenhouses and
other techniques (Fig. 1.5 ).
Whereas Martinez et al. ( 2010 ) detailed the concepts, impacts and issues associ-
ated with cropping in the inner urban areas of cities, most high value commodities,
like fruit (Costa 2014 ; Galan Sauco et al. 2014 ; Agusti et al. 2014 ), vegetables
(Leskovar et al. 2014 ), ornamentals (Seaton et al. 2014 ; Read and Bavougian 2014 ;
van Tuyl et al. 2014 ), medicinal and aromatic plants (Inoue and Craker 2014 ) and
other forms of protected cropping (Gruda and Tanny 2014 ) are often located in the
peri-urban or rural areas. Previously, this required close proximity to city centres
to minimise the requirements for transport and to get the produce to market while
it was still perceptibly fresh. Advances in post-harvest handling and storage now
make this unnecessary. Produce associated with plantation (Diczbalis et al. 2014 ),
berry (Brennan et al. 2014 ), viticulture (Guisard et al. 2014 ), and organic food hor-
ticulture (Pearson and Rowe 2014 ) cropping, is often grown much further afield,
and uses artificial ripening methods, cool storage and refrigeration to reduce the
problems in getting the produce to market in good condition (Toivonen et al. 2014 ;
van der Vorst et al. 2014 ; Desjardins et al. 2014 ).
The consumer is defined as those people who benefit from the opportunities