Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
neglects the benefits derived from the provision of products and services of envi-
ronmental horticulture such as green open spaces, urban parks, botanical gardens,
household gardens and other areas of the contrived and semi-natural landscape.
This approach mirrored the ideas of Rowe ( 1979 ) who separated horticulture into:-
food production, amenity or environmental horticulture, and the associated support
services.
The environmental horticulture sector has seen a number of name changes over
the years from amenity, ornamental, environmental, urban, and more recently life-
style horticulture. These changes frequently reflect shifts in educational fashion
and attempts to encourage student interest. In this Trilogy the term environmental
horticulture is employed. Mullins ( 1978 ) described environmental horticulture “as
those people and organisations who are engaged in the production, sale and man-
agement of plants used for environmental, recreational and leisure purposes”. These
non-food crops embrace many of our ornamental plants that can be propagated
and produced in nurseries for use in landscaping or horticultural production units
such as seedlings for floriculture and cut flower production arboriculture, turfgrass
production, aromatic and medicinal herbs, tropical foliage, as well as potted orna-
mental plants and bedding plants. The support industry dimensions are largely those
people engaged in supplying non-plant products and services such as manufactur-
ing, sales and services, education and training (Aldous et al. 2014a ), and research
and extension (McSweeney et al. 2014 ). These ensure that sustainable development
is achieved in activities such as events, tourism, landscape restoration and conserva-
tion, landscape and garden design and construction (Figs. 1.6 , 1.7 and 1.8 ).
This includes instances where plants are used as tools for intervention in recre-
ational, educational, vocational, and rehabilitation programming, in the provision of
therapy, as well as in socialization. This broader vision embraces the importance of
plants not only as commodities and activities essential for human survival, but also
where plants utilised in human goals provide considerable benefits for society as in-
dividuals, communities and cultures (Swaninathan and Kochlar 1989 ). In 2011 Al-
dous promoted a model where plants are of value as sources of fresh and processed
food and drink, as well as beneficial amenity and environmental use, in servicing
people, when they wish to access and utilize a place or landscape.
Green open spaces, have been described as any open space, vegetated land or
water located and managed within the urban or rural environment (Anon 2013a ).
In this Trilogy plants needed for environmental horticulture, such as in sports turf
and amenity grasses (Aldous et al. 2014 ), trees (Percival et al. 2014 ; Johnston and
Hirons 2014 ), and ornamentals (Seaton et al. 2014 ; Read and Bavougian 2014 ; van
Tuyl et al. 2014 ), or being used in gardening (Rae 2014 ) and in interior (Cameron
2014a ) and in external landscaping settings (Groening and Hennecke 2014 ) are de-
scribed. Green places in urban areas can range from public and private green open
space, neighbourhood parkland, botanic gardens, flower shows institutional and
hospital grounds, to grassed sporting and recreation facilities and semi-natural open
space. Rural green open spaces include assets such as amenity grasslands, wild
lands, protected areas, forest plantations, and well include a country's national, wil-
derness and conservation parks and continue to play a significant part in biodiver-
sity (Prance et al. 2014 ) as well as providing a means of physical and mental health
Search WWH ::




Custom Search