Strut-and-tie modeling - Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures - page 428

32k 32k 8k 32k 32k 8k

14′ 14′ 50′ 14′ 14′

0.64 kip/ft

Abut 1 Abut 4

(d) Bent 2 Bent 3

58.3 kip 58.3 kip 58.3 kip 58.3 kip

6′
6.3 kip/ft

6′

2′

2′

6.3 kip/ft

1.75′ 10′ 10′ 1.75′

(e)

(f )
Figure 13.15 (Continued) (d) Application of HL-93 loading to determine maximum reactions.
(e) Live load configuration to maximize cantilever moments. (f) Factored load-
ing resulting from maximizing of cantilever moments. (Continued)

of truss and arch action. Arch action refers to the compressive stress field
that forms the main corner-to-corner diagonal concrete strut from an applied
load, whereas the truss action specifically pertains to the shear mechanism
that engages the transverse reinforcement through smeared diagonal concrete
struts resembling a truss. The contribution of each mechanism was appor-
tioned according to the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratios.
Numerical integration schemes were considered to model the discrete
crack patterns for reinforced concrete beams. The truss model geometry is