Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Cartilage Regeneration
functionalisation with a vinylsulfone-modified integrin-binding
domain of fibronectin, improved MSC attachment and spreading.
BMP-2 delivery from the fibronectin-modified HA scaffold led to
increases in ectopic bone formation [84]. Additional control of
BMP-2 release (to almost complete retention) and maintenance
of its activity was achieved by modifying the HA hydrogels with
bisphosphonate [85].
Besides BMP-2, photocrosslinked methacrylated HA has also been
used as a controlled release system for growth and differentiation
factor 5 (GDF-5) and simvastatin [86, 87]. Hydrogels with each
growth factor supported proliferation and differentiation of
MC3T3-E1 cells, an osteoblast precursor cell line derived from
mouse calvaria,
in vitro
and led to more bone regeneration in a
defect in the outer cortex of the calvarial bones in rabbits
in vivo
[86, 87]. Importantly, in these studies, the HA hydrogels without
growth factors also led to improved healing over control (empty)
defects [86, 87].
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