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Another comparison of different toroidal SMES with different magnetic
fl
ux
densities and different con
gurations of magnetized spaces was performed by Lee
et al. [
16
] in 2009. More information about the cost analyses of SMES systems can
be found in Egolf et al. [
12
], Schenung et al. [
17
,
18
], Seeber et al. [
19
] and Lubell
and Lue [
20
].
In 2008, Green and Strauss published a comprehensive analysis on the costs for
low-temperature superconducting (LTS) magnets [
21
]. In the same year, Green also
published an article on the costs of helium refrigerators and coolers for supercon-
ducting devices [
22
]. Based on their work, Green and Strauss provided
tting
functions, which may serve for the cost estimation of the LTS magnets:
W
0
:
6
COST Mil
ð
:
US
$
Þ ¼
0
:
92
ð
9
4
Þ
:
where W is the stored magnetic energy in MJ. Equation (
9.4
) was also expressed in
terms of the volume and the magnetic flux density as
0
:
6
B
0
V Tm
3
COST Mil
ð
US
$
Þ ¼
0
8
ð
B
0
V
Þ
ð
9
5
Þ
:
:
:
ts) are valid for all magnets, solenoid
magnets and toroid magnets. For solenoid magnets only, Green and Strauss [
21
]
provided the following relation:
These cost-
tting lines (least squared
W
0
:
67
COST Mil
ð
US$
Þ ¼
0
95
W MJ
ðÞ
ð
9
6
Þ
:
:
:
or:
0
:
67
B
0
V Tm
3
COST Mil
ð
US$
Þ ¼
0
55
ð
B
0
V
Þ
ð
9
7
Þ
:
:
:
For toroid magnets only, Green and Strauss [
21
] provided the following relation:
W
0
:
5
COST Mil
ð
US$
Þ ¼
2
04
W MJ
ðÞ
ð
9
8
Þ
:
:
:
or:
0
5
:
B
0
V Tm
3
COST Mil
ð
US$
Þ ¼
2
01
ð
B
0
V
Þ
ð
9
9
Þ
:
:
:
Figure
9.7
shows a comparison of costs for LTS superconducting magnets. The
calculation was based on Eqs. (
9.7
and
9.9
).
Additional information was also given for the costs of the cryogenic system,
since these were not accounted for in Eqs. (
9.4
9.9
). The capital costs for helium
refrigerators (0.01
-
30 kW cooling at 4.5 K) were dened by Green [
22
]tobe
-
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