Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
11
Nanotechnology in
Orthodontics
1: The Past,
Present, and a Perspective
of the Future
Karthikeyan Subramani, Sarandeep Huja, G. Thomas Kluemper,
Lorri Morford and James K. Hartsfield, Jr.
Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
CHAPTER OUTLINE
11.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 231
11.2 Nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy studies
on orthodontic brackets and archwires........................................................................................ 233
11.3 Friction reducing nanocoatings on orthodontic archwires ............................................................. 234
11.4 Nanoparticles in orthodontic adhesives ....................................................................................... 236
11.5 Nanoparticle delivery from orthodontic elastomeric ligatures........................................................ 241
11.6 Developing and future applications of nanotechnology in dentistry and orthodontics ...................... 242
11.6.1 The use of shape-memory polymer in orthodontics................................................... 242
11.6.2 BioMEMS/NEMS for orthodontic tooth movement and maxillary expansion ................ 242
11.6.3 Nanorobot delivery for oral anesthesia and improved oral hygeine ............................. 244
11.7 Temporary anchorage devices .................................................................................................... 244
11.8 Conclusions............................................................................................................................... 245
References ......................................................................................................................................... 245
11.1
Introduction
The concept and origin of nanotechnology has been attributed to the American Physicist and
Nobel Laureate Richard Phillips Feynman
[1]
who presented a paper titled ThereisPlentyof
Room at the Bottom on December 29, 1959 at the annual meeting of the American Physical
Society at California Institute of Technology. Feynman proposed to employ machines to make
