Nanostructured Dental Composites and Adhesives with Antibacterial and Remineralizing Capabilities for Caries Inhibition - Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry - page 119

and modulus of NACP QADM nanocomposite after 6-month immersion matched those of commer-

cial control composites without antibacterial properties. Incorporation of QADM into NACP nano-
composite greatly reduced the oral bacterial biofilm viability, metabolic activity, CFU, and lactic acid
production. The antibacterial results were not significantly different after water-aging for 1, 30, 90,
and 180 days. The durable antibacterial properties, plus the previously-reported CaP release and acid
neutralization properties, indicate that the novel NACP QADM nanocomposite may be useful in

restorations to inhibit secondary caries. In addition, QADM and NAg were incorporated into dental
adhesive and primer, which achieved potent antibacterial effects against dental plaque microcosm bio-
films for the first time. The novel QADM

NAg-containing antibacterial adhesives with NACP for
remineralization are promising to combat residual bacteria in the prepared tooth cavity and invading
bacteria along the tooth restoration interfaces due to bacterial leakage, thereby inhibiting recurrent

caries. Furthermore, the QADM, NAg, and NACP incorporation methods may have a wide applica-
bility to other dental resin composites and bonding systems.

Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Gary E. Schumacher, Antony A. Giuseppetti, and Kathleen M. Hoffman of the Paffenbarger
Research Center of the American Dental Association Foundation, Dr. Ashraf F. Fouad of the University of
Maryland School of Dentistry, and Dr. Qianming Chen of the West China School of Stomatology for discus-
sions and help. We are grateful to Esstech (Essington, PA) and Ivoclar Vivadent (Amherst, NY) for donating
the materials. This study was supported by NIH R01 grants DE17974 and DE14190 (HX), NIDCR-NIST
Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, NIST, ADAF, and West
China School of Stomatology.

Disclaimer
Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified to specify the experimental procedure.
In no instance does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST and ADAF
or that the material or equipment identified is the best available for the purpose.

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