Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Numerical simulations of ablation therapy with ultrasound
phased arrays are encountered in several other applications. For
example, a simulation model of a phased array focusing through
the ribs is described in (Aubry et al. 2008), and pressures are also
simulated for a related fixed-phase multiple element ultrasound
applicator in (Civale et al. 2006). These models, when combined
with experimental results, suggest strategies that reduce problems
with phase aberration and bone heating. Another simulation model
illustrates the effect of cavitation on the size of the lesion generated
during HIFU (Chavrier et al. 2000). Other simulations calculate the
temperature distribution from estimated power depositions while
controlling the thermal dose for HIFU (Blankespoor et al. 2009).
C. A. Cain and S.-I. Umemura. Concentric-ring and sector-vortex
phased-array applicators for ultrasound hyperthermia.
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M. S. Canney, M. R. Bailey, L. A. Crum, V. A. Khokhlova, and
O. A. Sapozhnikov. Acoustic characterization of high
intensity focused ultrasound fields: A combined mea-
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J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
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F. Chavrier, J. Y. Chapelon, A. Gelet, and D. Cathignol. Modeling
of high-intensity focused ultrasound-induced lesions in
the presence of cavitation bubbles.
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X. Chen, C. J. Diederich, J. H. Wootton, J. Pouliot, and I-C.
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catheter-based ultrasound hyperthermia.
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R. Chopra, M. Burtnyk, M. A. Haider, and M. J. Bronskill. Method
for MRI-guided conformal thermal therapy of prostate with
planar transurethral ultrasound heating applicators.
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ear propagation of acoustic fields.
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P. T. Christopher and K. J. Parker. New approaches to non-
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J. Civale, R. Clarke, I. Rivens, and G. ter Haar. The use of a seg-
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Ultrasound Med. Biol.
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G. T. Clement and K. Hynynen. A non-invasive method for focus-
ing ultrasound through the human skull.
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G. T. Clement and K. Hynynen. Forward planar projection
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6.4 Summary
Several different numerical models, including the Rayleigh-
Sommerfeld integral and other faster approaches, are described for
linear simulations of therapeutic ultrasound generated by single
element and multiple element applicators. Methods for simulating
nonlinear pressure propagation are summarized, a short survey
of the available software for linear and nonlinear pressure calcula-
tions is provided, and the equations for bioheat transfer modeling
and thermal dose calculations are quickly reviewed. These simu-
lations, when combined with optimization and 3D visualization,
provide the framework for patient treatment planning. Examples
of treatment planning strategies are described for mechanically
scanned ultrasound applicators and ultrasound phased array sys-
tems applied to hyperthermia and ablation therapy.
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