CHRONOLOGY - Spain and Portugal: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present - page 423

1506
Philip I dies, and Joanna is confined on
grounds of insanity. Her father, Ferdi-
nand of Aragon, assumes control of
Castile.

the Aztec Empire. His lieutenants and
successors will use Mexico as a base from
which to explore and extend Spanish
claims over North America (Viceroyalty
of New Spain).

1509-11
During a pause in the Italian Wars, Spain
wages a successful campaign against the
Muslim rulers of North Africa, gaining
dominance in that region.

1519-22
Ferdinand Magellan leads an expedition to
find access for Spain to the trade of Asia.
After unsuccessful attempts to find a
water route through the American land-
mass, he rounds the tip of South America
and sails across the Pacific. He reaches
and names the Philippine Islands but is
killed in a fight with the inhabitants. One
of his ships sails on to Spain, completing
the first voyage around the world.

1510
Goa, on the west coast of India, becomes
capital of the Portuguese realm in the Far
East.

1511
Portuguese gain control of Malacca, leading
to their dominance of trade with Siam
(Thailand), the Spice Islands (in present-
day Indonesia), and China.

1520-21
Angered by lack of respect from their Flem-
ish-born young monarch and by his preoc-
cupation with German affairs, many of the
towns ( comunidades ) of Castile rebel against
Charles. Although he defeats the uprising,
with the aid of the aristocracy, Charles will
henceforth pay due deference to the Cas-
tilian town's folk and their traditional pre-
rogatives. He will, in fact, spend most of his
reign ingratiating himself with his Spanish
subjects and establishing mutual bonds of
affection that turn him into one of the
most “Spanish” of kings.

1513
Vasco Núñez de Balboa crosses the Isthmus
of Panama and sights the “Great South
Sea” (Pacific Ocean).

1516
Ferdinand V dies. He is succeeded by his
grandson, the son of Philip I and Joanna.

1516-56
Charles I's accession completes the de facto
union of Castile and Aragon. In 1519 he
succeeds his Habsburg grandfather, Em-
peror Maximilian I, as ruler of the Holy
Roman Empire.

1521-57
John III, king of Portugal, continues the
overseas expansion and domestic gran-
deur of his predecessor. He maintains a
close political collaboration with Spain,
cemented by dynastic marriages. An ar-
dent Catholic, he sponsors the establish-
ment of the Inquisition in Portugal
(1536).

1518-21
Hernán Cortés, setting out from Cuba, leads
an expedition to Mexico and conquers