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of Fusarium on tomato such as yellowing of stems and chlorosis (Mandal et al.
2009
). In the present work, SA reduced symptoms of phytoplasma as result of
short and long term effects (Table
1
).
3.1.1 Minituber
The number of minitubers and internal browning were significantly reduced in
plants as a short term effect of sprayed SA (0.1 and 0.001 mM) in contrast with
infected plants no sprayed, presenting similar values to plants of the negative
control. SA supplied in vitro as a long term effect (0.001 mM) significantly
reduced the minitubers number and internal browning in contrast to positive
control (Table
2
). SA in both short and long terms significantly enhanced the dry
matter and starch contents in the three concentrations tested in infected plants
comparing with the positive control (Table
2
). The relative growth rate was
enhanced by SA in long term. Low SA concentrations (0.001 mM) are likely more
biologically active in both short and long terms on the parameters evaluated in this
research. Increase in dry matter and starch could be associated with augmentation
of leaf area induced by SA in potato (Sánchez-Rojo et al.
2011
) and more sugar
translocation to the fruits involving increase of sucrose phosphate synthase and
amylase (Elwan and El-Hamahmy
2009
; Dong et al.
2011
). It is likely that effects
of SA reported in short term, could be extended in long term as observed in this
research.
In short term effect, the tuber weight-number relationship, calculated to esti-
mate tuber size, showed a significant increase with 0.1 and 0.001 mM SA sprayed
on phytoplasma-infected potato plants. Whereas, in long term SA 0.001 mM
Table 2 Short and long term effects of SA on dry matter, starch tuber and growth in potato
plants infected by phytoplasma at 90 days after transplanting (DAT)
SA sprayed plants
[mM]
Tuber dry matter
(%)
Tuber starch
(%)
Relative growth rate
(mg g
-1
day
-1
)
0-
25.083
+
0.26*
16.66
+
0.59*
41.498
+
1.08*
0+
22.962
+
0.06
13.98
+
0.41
33.931
+
1.79
0.1
24.513
+
0.03*
15.00
+
0.29
39.760
+
2.13*
0.01
24.177
+
0.17*
15.76
+
0.39
39.672
+
0.96*
0.001
25.156
+
0.20*
15.27
+
0.51
41.016
+
1.82*
SA in vitro treated
[mM]
0- 18.55 ± 0.33* 12.70 ± 0.31* 39.17 ± 3.56*
0+ 14.29 ± 0.57 8.90 ± 0.54 20.64 ± 1.28
0.1 19.47 ± 0.23* 13.37 ± 0.22* 29.945 ± 0.87
0.01 18.76 ± 0.17* 12.96 ± 0.28* 26.99 ± 1.98
0.001 23.97 ± 0.47* 17.42 ± 0.38* 32.659 ± 3.29
Controls were phytoplasma-free (0-) and phytoplasma-infected plants (0+)
*Significantly different 0+
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