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evaluated in this work were collected by the
methods of scraping (R) and plastic trap
(T) during three periods - (1) June-August
2009; (2) August-November 2009; and
(3) March-May 2010 - in three apiaries
located in an area near to the municipalities
of Zaragoza, El Bagre and Caucasia. The
samples were named as Llanta Azul (LA),
Doña María (DM) and Coco Hondo (CH),
depending on the zone where they were col-
lected (Table 7.5).
The
1%
analysed samples from four municipalities:
Sabanalarga, Juan de Acosta, Santo Tomás
and Galapa. To the best of our knowledge,
there are no previous reports of chemical
characterization and antioxidant activity
evaluation of propolis from the Atlántico
Department. The results obtained are out-
lined below.
The
1%
1
c
E
values of the EEP samples were
between 26 and 79. All samples showed
maximum wavelengths between 274 and
291 nm. These values are currently associ-
ated with the presence of phenolic com-
pounds, flavonoids and caffeic acids, which
have
1
c
E
analysis showed that the sam-
ples with the highest values were CH-2T,
CH-2R, DM-2T, DM-2R, LA-2T and LA-2R. All
the above propolis extracts had similar
1%
1
c
E
values ranging between 104 and 115. Moreover,
it is important to highlight that all the samples
with the greatest values were collected in the
same season (period 2, dry season).
The same samples that showed the
highest
1%
maximum
wavelength
values
of
between 240 and 350 nm.
The results summarized in Table 7.6
show TPC values ranging from 63.72 to
94.55 mg GAE/g EEP. Propolis samples from
Juan de Acosta, Santo Tomás and Galapa
showed a TPC content higher than propolis
from Antioquia-Colombia (Palomino-García
et al.
2009). It is worth noting that all the EEP
from this region exceed the minimum require-
ment proposed by Brazilian legislation for
phenolic compounds (50 mg GAE/g EEP).
From all EEP tested, propolis from Sabanalarga
was the sample with the lowest TPC value.
The TFC values for these samples were
between 1.90 and 5.16 mg/g. Propolis from
Santo Tomás showed the highest TFC
(5.16 mg/g) and the second highest TPC
value (86.63 mg/g). Moreover, it is relevant
that EEP from Santo Tomás was the only
sample that met TFC requirement parameters
established by Brazilian regulation (5 mg/g)
(Table 7.6). On the other hand, although
propolis from Juan de Acosta showed the
highest TPC value (94.55%), it had the lowest
TFC value (1.90 mg/g). In addition, propolis
samples with the lowest
1%
1
c
E
values had the highest values
for phenolic compound content, with the
exception of DM-2T and DM-2R that showed
values even lower than samples LA-3T and
LA-3R. In contrast to TPC, the samples col-
lected in period 3 showed the greatest flavo-
noid content values, ranging from 2.49 to
3.52 mg of quercetin/mg EEP. Among the
second period samples LA-2T was the sam-
ple with the greatest TFC value. With regard
to flavanone content, all the samples showed
similar values and the highest flavanone
content values were shown by CH-2T and
DM-2R, both with 0.26 ± 0.02 mg of pinoc-
embrine/mg EEP. According to the sample
collection method employed, we can appre-
ciate that there is not a marked difference in
the TPC, TFC and flavanone content values.
Propolis from the Atlántico Department
1
c
E
values, Juan de
Acosta and Sabanalarga, showed the lowest
values in TFC and TPC analysis, respectively.
This department is located in the Caribbean
region of Colombia that comprises seven
more departments (Bolívar, Cesar, Córdoba,
Guajira, Magdalena, San Andrés and Sucre)
with approximately 182 municipalities. In
the same direction, and depending on geo-
graphical accidents and ecosystems, the
Caribbean region can also be divided into
six geographical sub-regions. The Atlántico
Department is located in the Magdalena
river
7.4.5
Antioxidant activity of propolis
samples from Colombia
Propolis from the Antioquia Department
s o u t h
r e g i o n
.
The antioxidant activity of
these propolis samples was tested using
mouth
region.
We
collected
and
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