Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
(RO)
3
P
(RO)
3
P
O
Phosphite
Phosphate
O
O
O
R
S
R
Sulfide
S
S
or
R
R
R
R
Sulfoxide
Sulfone
Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphate (TNPP) is a common commercial phos-
phite. Note that this is not n-nonyl, but rather a mixture of branched C9
isomers. Nonylphenol is commercially synthesized through Friedel - Crafts
alkylation of phenol with nonene. Technical nonene (“propylene trimer”)
is a mixture of predominantly C9-olefins with varying degrees of branch-
ing. The resulting nonylphenol is mainly a mixture of 4-substituted
monoalkylphenols with various isomeric, branched nonyl groups [13].
Tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite is another commonly used phosphite.
C
9
H
19
O P
3
O
P
3
TNPP
Common sulfides are distearylthiodipropionate (DSTDP) and dilaurylth-
iodipropionate (DLTDP). Although it is more proper to call these sulfides,
they are often called thioesters.
SCH
2
CH
2
CO
2
C
18
H
37
2
DSTDP
SCH
2
CH
2
CO
2
C
12
H
25
2
DLTDP
It is well known that certain metals can catalyze oxidation reactions. Trace
metals can be present in a polymer article from many sources including other
additives, residual catalyst, or contamination from the processing equipment,
which is metal. A class of antioxidants is metal deactivators. Their purpose
is to chelate or passivate the metal rendering it ineffective as an oxidation
catalyst. Irganox
®
MD 1024 is an example of a metal deactivator.
H
O
OH
O
N
H
O
MD 1024
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