Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The difference between creativity and innovation is the same as that between
thinking about achieving goals and executing them. ''Creativity imagines new
things, Innovation does new things'' (Levitt
1974
). We might say then that the
innovation process is to think new things, create new things, and distribute new
things. In these steps we need to: research and learn the thinking of new things;
make and build in the creation of new things; and implement and commercialize in
the distribution of new products, processes, and services.
This is the business environment today. It requires more skill to manage change
than strict controls to obtain results. Dynamic and integrated teams help more than
a rigid structure with defined hierarchical levels. The alignment of mission, vision,
values, and social and ethic responsibility among people in the company, research
institutions, and society are more important than the balance sheet.
This mechanism is composed of work teams built through continuous organi-
zational learning, or acquisition and socialization of knowledge through individ-
uals, and their subsequent transformation into collective standards of performance.
The main goal of these organizations is the human being.
Therefore, managing becomes structuring the abilities of people in the forma-
tion of communities able to learn and safely act. Malvezzi (
1999
) calls these
communities in the company ''communities of action,'' where the important thing
is not having individuals who learn, but groups (human communities of work) that
absorb knowledge, incorporate it, and turn it into collective behavior.
3 Smart Cities
This is the characteristic of intelligent cities, localities of the triple helix, com-
munities that apprehend and are creative (Eleutheriou
2010
). The creative cities
are linked to urban transformation, as an intergenerational collective that brings
together professionals from various fields to think and propose creative solutions
that have art and culture as drivers of urban and social transformation.
8
Smart City
9
is a strategy for economic and social development of regions,
promoting quality of life for its citizens.
10
These cities use innovative technologies
based on open platforms, providing Internet services for the development of
innovation ecosystems—which creates opportunity for new sustainable and high
quality services for citizens and businesses.
Smart City is different from a ''digital city'' when environmental and social
capital play an important role. Smart Cities can be identified (and classified) along
six main axes or dimensions:
9
Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Universidad Tecnológica de Viena, Universidad de
Ljubljana y Universidad Tecnológica de Delft. 2007.
10
Vision of Parque de Innovacion de Servicios para las Personas da La Salle de Madrid—
http://
Search WWH ::
Custom Search