Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Celliforma
Dominance of chambers and chambered
trace fossils assigned to bees and wasps.
Associated components are rhizoliths,
burrows and chambers with pelletal
filling, J-, U-, or Y-shaped burrows,
vertebrate coprolites, and large
vertebrate burrows. Moderate
ichnodiversity (average 5, range from 3 to
7 trace-fossil morphologies).
Characteristic: Celliforma,
Rebuffoichnus, Cellicalichnus (except
C. meniscatus and C. antiquus),
Fictovichnus
Accessory: Teisseirei, Pallichnus,
Edaphichnium, Macanopsis, rhizoliths
Carbonate-rich paleosols developed on
fine-grained overbank deposits, under
semiarid (and seasonal) to arid climate.
Indicative of scrubs and woodlands.
Termitichnus
Dominance of chambers and chambered
trace fossils assigned to termites. Other
components are J-shaped burrows,
rhizoliths, large vertebrate burrows, and
pelleted burrow fillings. Ichnodiversity
ranges from 2 to 14.
Characteristic: Termitichnus,
Krausichnus, Vondrichnus, Fleaglellius
Accessory: Macanopsis, Masrichnus,
Edaphichnium, rhizoliths, large
vertebrate burrows
Paleosols of closed forests under warm
and humid conditions. Moderately
developed paleosols on channel-belt
deposits.
Mermia
Predominantly horizontal to
subhorizontal grazing and feeding traces
(simple burrows/trails, simple horizontal
burrows), subordinate sinusoidal trails
and locally arthropod trackways and
horizontal root structures. Low-diversity
assemblages (up to five morphotypes).
Characteristic: Archaeonassa,
Cochlichnus, Undichna,
Helminthoidichnites, Helminthopsis
Accessory: Didymaulichnus,
Palaeophycus, Planolites, Ctenopholeus,
Diplichnites, reed-like traces
Sandy to argillaceous sediments
deposited in subaqueous settings of
floodbasin ponds. Typically current-
rippled fine-grained sandstone or
siltstone, parallel-laminated mudstone.
Continued
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