Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 2
Expression of Ichnofacies Found in Fluvial Deposits
Ichnofacies
Description
Included ichnogenera
Implications
Scoyenia
Diagnostic components: Predominance
of simple meniscate burrows, arthropod
trackways, trough-like reliefs, and
bilobed burrows/trails. Other
components that may be present but are
not diagnostic: simple vertical burrows,
simple horizontal burrows, diverse
bipedal and quadrupedal tetrapod
trackways, J-, U-, or Y-shaped burrows at
high angle to bedding, horizontal
burrows systems, and swim traces.
Dominance of invertebrate traces.
Ichnodiversity is generally low (average 5
morphological types) although some
trace fossils may be abundant
(particularly arthropod trackways in
Paleozoic associations).
Characteristic: Scoyenia, Taenidium,
Beaconites, Diplichnites,
Diplopodichnus, Cruziana, Rusophycus,
Spongeliomorpha, Skolithos,
Fuersichnus
Accessory: Capayanichnus,
Didymaulichnus, Grallator,
Batrachichnus, Limnopus, Hyloidichnus,
Dimetropus, Ichniotherium,
Gilmoreichnus, Amphisauropus,
Limayichnus, Anomoepus,
Bothriodontipus, Delatorrichnus,
Moyenisauropus, “ornithopod tracks”,
“sauropod tracks”
Sandy to argillaceous sediments
deposited in low-energy subaqueous
areas that are periodically emerged.
Typical environments include bar tops in
fluvial channels, crevasse splays, and
floodbasin ponds. Also present in poorly
developed or Paleozoic paleosols.
Coprinisphaera Mainly chambers and chambered trace
fossils (mostly assigned to coleopterans
and bees), commonly associated with
rhizoliths, J-, U-, or Y-shaped vertical
burrows, large vertebrate burrows,
meniscate burrows, and burrows with
pelletal fill. High-diversity trace-fossil
assemblages (7-14 trace-fossil
morphologies).
Characteristic: Coprinisphaera,
Teisseirei, Eatonichnus, Rebuffoichnus,
Celliforma, Palmiraichnus, Uruguay,
Ellipsoideichnus, Corimbatichnus
Accessory: Feoichnus, Cellicalichnus
(except C. meniscatus and C. antiquus),
Parowanichnus, Beaconites,
Tombownichnus, Lazaichnus
Paleosols developed on former channel-
belt deposits and overbank facies.
Paleosols of different types and degree of
development. Habitats dominated by low
vegetation.
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