Grapefruit - Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Postharvest Physiology, Processing and Packaging - page 351

Table 19.3. Fresh grapefruits and grapefruit juice concentrate exporting and importing countries by
quantity, metric tons.

Fresh/Raw Grapefruit Grapefruit Juice Concentrate

Exporters 2009 Importers 2009 Exporters 2009 Importers 2009

South Africa 303,960 Japan 174,771 Netherlands 25,776 Netherlands 29,973

USA 239,769 Netherlands 166,563 USA 23,439 Japan 20,149

Turkey 136,534 Russian Federation 91,366 South Africa 14,360 United Kingdom 13,098

Netherlands 121,650 France 85,379 Israel 12,394 France 9,378

China 121,260 Germany 81,730 Cuba 8,578 Germany 7,808

Israel 61,260 Belgium 53,868 Spain 5,136 China 6,892

Belgium 46,297 Canada 47,127 Mexico 4,849 Russian Federation 6,639

Spain 39,871 Poland 44,000 Argentina 2,523 Poland 6,619

Egypt 17,382 United Kingdom 35,287 Kenya 2,228 Italy 4,386

Argentina 17,234 Italy 34,675 France 1,607 Israel 3,430

Austria 14,853 Romania 28,227 Belgium 1,183 Spain 2,474

Cyprus 12,140 Austria 18,494 Bahrain 835 USA 2,237

Source: FAO (2011).

transferring from one rootstock to another over a period of
years, there eventually emerged one tree-bearing fruit with-
out seeds. Budwood from this tree has produced uniformity
of seedlessness regardless of rootstock (Morton, 1987).
The major grapefruit varieties in Texas, United States,
are 'Ruby Red,' 'Henderson'/'Ray,' and 'Rio Red.' All are
red-fleshed, seedless, and have varying degrees of redness
in the peel (Sauls, 1998). The grapefruit market obviously
prefers the red-fleshed, seedless varieties. 'Ruby Red' was
discovered as a limb sport on a 'Pink Marsh' tree in 1929.
The fruit is of excellent quality, seedless (i.e., zero to six
seeds), red-fleshed, oblate, and thin skinned. The fruit usu-
ally has a red blush on an otherwise yellow peel.
'Redblush' (including 'Ruby,' 'Ruby Red,' 'Shary Red,'
'Curry Red,' 'Fawcett Red,' 'Red Radiance' and 'Webb') is
seedless and otherwise similar to 'Thompson' but displays
redder color (Morton, 1987). 'Redblush' grapefruits have
been extensively planted in Florida in the past, though the
juice is not suitable for canning as it tends to turn brown with
age. Under the name 'Ruby Red', a member of this group
is a standard commercial cultivar in Texas. 'Redblush' bud-
wood, acquired from California in 1958, was propagated
on rough lemon by the Regional Fruit Research Station at
Abohar, India. The resulting trees were introduced in India,
where it was recommended for growing under irrigation in
regions of the Punjab and Haryana. Also included in this
group is 'Burgundy;' its peel is not blushed, but the pulp is
intense red throughout the season. The peel of 'Ray Ruby'

is redder than that of 'Ruby Red,' and the pulp is red though
not as intense as 'Star Ruby' throughout the season. 'Ray
Ruby' is expected to perform better than 'Star Ruby' on
standard rootstocks.
'Henderson' and 'Ray,' which were both discovered in
the early 1970s, are usually lumped together in the industry
as they are nearly indistinguishable (Sauls, 1998). The fruit
of these two varieties is similar to 'Ray Ruby' in almost all
respects, except that the peel is more attractive than 'Ruby
Red' and the flesh is even redder. While the flesh color
also fades after mid-season, it retains some semblance of
redness far longer than is the case with 'Ray Ruby.'
'Rio Red' was developed in mid-1990s as a limb
sport on a tree being grown from 'Ray Ruby' budwood
(Sauls, 1998). It has interior color that is twice as red as
'Henderson,' and its color persists throughout the season.
'Rio Red' has an overall reddish tinge on the peel and a
lighter-colored halo in the flesh when viewed in cross sec-
tion. The biggest detriment of 'Rio Red' is that its basic
shape is more spherical than oblate and sheepnosing of the
stem end is a persistent problem (Sauls, 1998); neverthe-
less, the presence of bioactive components is an advantage
(Patil et al., 2004).
Other minor varieties in Texas include 'Garner Seedless,'
which is a white grapefruit. 'Star Ruby' grapefruit is still
popular with some home fruit growers and consumers; its
flesh is the most intense red of the Texas varieties. Its peel
and even the cambial layer of the wood have a pronounced