Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
of availability and reuse of information concerning mobility has, however, long held
back the creation of services. An analysis of the European legislative evolution
(2003-98 directives) and its national transposition (ordinance of June 6 and the
decree of December 5, 2005) allows the qualification of multimodal information
services implemented by the organizing authorities in the context of the LOTI
5
(Art
27-1) of public services, which are of an administrative nature and spread public
data. This should be able to remove this obstacle. With regards to Europe, France is
definitely behind in the development of MISs, a delay due mostly to its institutional
features [UST 01b]. Multimodal information systems are set up in agglomerations,
counties and regions, but in a disorganized manner with no real dialog or coherence
in many countries worldwide.
In France, from 2001, PREDIT wished to help its development via specific
action bringing together individuals from the public and private sectors as well as
the scientific and industrial competencies regarding a social issue. It is due to this
so-called federative action that Predim was created. Predim (a research and
experimentation platform for the development of multimodal information,
http://www.predim.org/) aims to improve the complementarity of different modes of
transport and travel, both individually and collectively, via the promotion of
adequate information mechanisms. From 2000, with the law relative to solidarity
and urban renewal, the legislator had called for local authorities from the largest
agglomerations to create these kinds of services. Predim contributes to the
deployment of multimodal information by completing incentive and mutualization
tasks with the help of research, industry and public players.
Following the works of the
Grenelle de l'environment
, AFIMB (the French
agency for multimodal information and ticketing), which is dependent on the State,
has been created and aims to create homogeneous development of information
services over all the French territory. This has been possible thanks to the European
standardization efforts, which have served as the basis for implementing added-
valued services intended for public use.
In this new organization, the State should be a regulator. As a regulator of the
definition of a “universal service of multimodal information”, a minimum amount of
information is to be exchanged between transport users, involving an open
architecture and a common language that needs to be validated in a European
approach. It will also be a regulator of the standardization of information exchange,
aiding true integration of multimodal information at a national level. It should also
help combine the implementation of future ticketing, which will see the
disappearance of paper transport tickets to be replaced by new technologies, such as
contactless cards or mobile telephones. The realization of a system of multimodal
5 LOTI: orientation law for interior transport.
