Endomicroscopy - Biomedical Optical Imaging Technologies: Design and Applications - page 257

Tabl e 8. 1 Summary of operating parameters of endomicroscopes for four (contact, confocal, multiphoton, and OCT) imaging modalities

Lateral Working

resolution a distance Implemented in

Modality .m/ NA FOV (m) (m) Signal type Imaging depth (m) clinic

Contact
imaging

6-10.0 N/A 500-1,000 0 Fluorescence Top surface Yes

Confocal 0.5-3.0 0.3-1.0 100-500 200-500 Reflectance and

fluorescence

200 in vivo
applications

Ye s

Multiphoton 0.5-3.0 0.35-1.0 100-500 200-500 Multiphoton

fluorescence

Usually up to 500 in
the lab and 200
in tissue

Animal imaging/ex
vivo

OCT 5.0-15.0 0.05-0.20 Limited by scanning

range. Can be
10s of mm across

0.5-3 mm Coherent reflectance

imaging

1-2 mm Yes

a

While NA of optics, confocal, and multiphoton endoscopes allow high lateral resolution, the sampling might be limited by density of the fiber bundle or
sampling of the scanner. The most important requirement is light collection for these two modalities