Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Variable inorganic nanoparticles of different sizes can be
combined with conducting polymers, giving rise to a novel
composite material with interesting physicochemical properties and
possibilities for important applications. Electrochemical methods
have proved to be effective in incorporating metal nanoparticles in
either predeposited polymers or in growing polymer films. Metals
can be electrodeposited at conducting polymer electrodes [190].
Nanocables consisting of Ag nanowires sheathed by polyaniline
were fabricated in porous AAO template [187]. Silver/polyaniline
(Ag/PANI) nanowires were prepared by simultaneous oxidative
electropolymerization of aniline and reduction of Ag
+
in porous
and aniline. One-step
electrochemical fabrication of devices based on such inorganic-
organic hybrid materials offers a new strategy to make electronic
devices. Electrochemical fabrication of nonvolatile memory device
based on polyaniline and gold particles was reported [191]. Au
nanoparticles are synthesized and embedded into the PANI polymer
matrix simultaneously during the electropolymerization. The
impedance states of the PANI:Au composite films are nonvolatile
in nature and can be read and switched several times with minimal
degradation in air. Such electrochemical fabrication method can
produce multistable nonvolatile memory device in one step, which
simplifies fabrication of the memory device significantly.
AAO from an acidic electrolyte containing Ag
+
1.10 CARBON NANOTUBE TEMPLATES
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be used as templates for conducting
polymers. Composite films of CNTs with PANI, PPy, or PEDOT
were prepared via electrochemical codeposition from solutions
containing acid treated CNTs and the corresponding monomer
[192]. Electrochemical synthesis of PPy/CNT nanoscale composites
using well-aligned carbon nanotube arrays was reported [193].
The thickness of the PPy film can be easily controlled by the value
of the film-formation charge. Aligned coaxial nanowires of carbon
nanotubes can be sheathed with conducting polymers shown in
Fig. 1.17
[194]. In addition, the aligned MWNT electrode arrays can
be given additional robustness by electrodepositing conducting
polymer around the tubes and then employing them as enzyme
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