HIERARCHICALLY NANOSTRUCTURE ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES - Electrochemical Nanofabrication: Principles and Applications - page 256

Cycling performance (a) and corresponding coulombic efficiency
profiles (b) of the SnO
2

Figure 6.7.

-C, and Sn-C samples at a rate of C/5 between
voltage limits of 0.02 and 3.0 V [66].

, SnO

2

6.5.3 Hierarchical 3D Mixed Conducing Networks

Hierarchical 3D mixed conducting network consists of transport
channels for both electrons and Li ions, which has shown an
exceeding electrochemical performance compared with other
electrode materials through enhancing the electronic conductivity
of the material.
An example of this structure involves with the above anatase

sub-micrometer spheres (see Fig. 6.5), the performance
of which becomes poor at high current rates. In order to obtain
anode materials for high-energy and high-power lithium-ion
batteries, an optimization has to be made on the structure design
of electrode materials, and the introduction of hierarchical 3D
mixed conducting networks on nano/micron scale can be an
effective way to carry out such an optimization. For example, with
said mesoporous TiO
2

TiO

2

spheres as the starting material, TiO
2

:RuO
2

nanocomposite can be synthesized through RuO coating, and

2