NATURAL GAS FOR CARS AND TRUCKS: OPTIONS AND CHALLENGES - Natural Gas-powered Cars and Trucks: Options and Issues - page 28

54

See CRS Report R41709, Battery Manufacturing for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles: Policy
Issues, by Bill Canis.

55

Jerrod Mounce, ―Natural Gas in Transportation,‖ J. B. Hunt Transport Services, February
2014, p. 2, http://www.jbhunt.com/files/0001723_NATURAL_GAS_WHITE_PAPER_
022014.pdf.
56 Gasoline price is from U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration,
―Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update,‖ http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel. CNG price is
from http://www.cngprices.com.

57

AFDC, ―Compressed Natural Gas Fueling Stations,‖ http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/
natural_gas_cng_stations.html.

58

Consumer Reports, ―The Natural-Gas Alternative: The Pros and Cons of Buying a CNG-
Powered Car,‖ April 2014, http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2012/03/the-natural-gas-
alternative/index.htm.
59 Natural Gas Vehicles for America, ―Stations,‖ https://www.ngvamerica.org/stations.
60

AFDC.

61

Body contact with very low temperature LNG gas could result in a cryogenic burn. Federal
Transit Administration, ―Summary Assessment of the Safety, Health, Environmental and
System Risks of Alternative Fuel,‖ pp. 3-19, http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/400/422/

20021101_alt_fuel.pdf.

62

Clean Energy Fuels has raised $450 million in private investment for construction and
operation of this network. It is a California-based company originally founded in 1997 by
investor T. Boone Pickens. It constructs and operates CNG and LNG stations around the
country.

63

CSP Daily News, ―Shell, TravelCenters of America Team Up on LNG,‖ May 15, 2014,
http://www.cspnet.com/ fuels-news-prices-analysis/fuels-news/articles/shell-travelcenters-

america-team-lng.

64

See the company's website at http://blulng.com.

65

William Tucker, ―When California Had 15,000 Methanol Cars,‖ Fuel Freedom Foundation,
October 4, 2013, http://www.fuelfreedom.org/when-california-had-15000-methanol-cars/.
66 Methanol Institute, ―Use of Methanol as a Transportation Fuel,‖ November 2007,
http://www.methanol.org/Energy/Transportation-Fuel/Methanol-Use-in-Transportation.
aspx.

67

AFDC, ―Propane Fueling Infrastructure Development,‖ http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/
propane_infrastructure.html.
68 For a map of public propane stations, see http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/propane_
locations.html.

69

AFDC, ―Hydrogen Fueling Station Locations,‖ November 5, 2014, http://www.afdc.energy.
gov/fuels/ hydrogen_locations.html.
70 AFDC, ―Electric Vehicle Charging Stations,‖ http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_
stations.html.

71

A standard 120-volt outlet provides up to five miles of range per hour of charging; 240-volt
charging is faster, adding up to 20 miles of charge per hour. AFDC, ―Developing
Infrastructure to Charge Plug-In Electric Vehicles,‖ http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/
electricity_infrastructure.html#level1.

72

AFDC, November 5, 2014, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_locations.html.

73

NGV Conversion, Inc., ―Frequently Asked Questions,‖ http://www.ngvus.com/faq.php.
74 Converting a vehicle to propane would cost $4,000 to $12,000. AFDC, ―Propane Vehicle
Conversions,‖ http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/propane_conversions.html.