Blood Cells - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 69

3.5.6.5 Kell and XK Blood Groups

The KEL gene encodes transmembrane glycoprotein CD238 or Kell protein. Several
alleles exist, among which K1 (Kell) and K2 (Cellano) are the most common. The
Kell protein binds to Xk protein that possesses the Kx antigen. The Kell blood group
precursor (Kx) gene (XK) is located on X chromosome.

3.5.6.6 Kidd Blood Group

The Kidd blood group corresponds to an antigen on membrane of red blood cells
as well as renal cells. It participates in urea transport. It is encoded by the JK gene
(chromosome 18). Two common JK alleles are JKa and JKb. Human subjects with
2 JkA antigens (without JkB antigens) produce antibodies against JkB antigens.

3.5.6.7 Lewis Blood Group

The Lewis blood group relies on genes on chromosome 19. Two main types of
Lewis antigens include Lewis-a and -b. Lewis antigens are released by exocrine
epithelial cells and subsequently adsorbed onto RBC surface. Fucosyltransferase
converts Lewis-a antigen into Lewis-b.

3.5.6.8 Glycophorin-Based MNS and Gerbich Blood Groups

The MNS blood group is based on 2 genes (on chromosome 4) that encode
glycophorin-A and -B that are associated with blood group MN and Ss antigens,
respectively. More than 40 MNS antigens exist. The 5 most important MNS antigens
are M, N, S, s, and U (U: universal, as it is extremely common).
The Gerbich (Ge) blood group is related to glycophorin-C 33 encoded by a gene
on chromosome 2 and its variant glycophorin-D. These glycophorins are unrelated
to other glycophorins encoded by genes on chromosome 4 (loci 4q28-q31).

Miscellaneous

The Cartwright (Yt) blood group corresponds to acetylcholinesterase with 2 alleles,
Yta and Ytb.
The Chido-Rodger (Ch/Rg) blood group is represented by 2 elements of the
complement system: anaphylatoxin C4a and C3-convertase subunit C4b.

33 A.k.a. CD236, glycoprotein-

β

, or glycoconnectin.