Blood Cells - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 68

3.5.6.1 ABO Blood Group

The ABO blood group is related to the presence on the RBC plasma membrane
(as well as on the surface of endothelial and most epithelial cells) of 2 monosac-
charides at the termini of oligosaccharide chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids
responsible for A- and B-antigen activity. 32 Group A has anti-B antibodies that
target B antigen; group B has anti-A antibodies; and group O has both as it is
defined by the absence of A and B factors (i.e., group O red blood cells lack both
A and B antigens). Group-O cells have at the termini of their oligosaccharide chains
fucose (H antigen). Both A and B antigens are made from H antigen. The ABO
blood group include subtypes A1, A1b, A2, and A2b. The Bombay blood group is
related to rare Bombay phenotype (hh) characterized by the absence of H antigen.

3.5.6.2 Rhesus Blood Group

Five main Rhesus antigens are transmembrane proteins C, D, E, c, and e (genotype
cde/cde - d means absence of D antigen - is RhD negative [RhD

− ], whereas the

others are RhD positive [RhD + ]).

3.5.6.3 Duffy Antigen-Chemokine Receptor

Duffy antigen (Dfy, GPFy, or CD234) is an acidic glycoprotein that is produced in
greater amounts on reticulocytes than erythrocytes. Other isoforms can be detected
in some epithelial cells (e.g., principal epithelial cells of collecting ducts in kidneys
as well as type-1 epithelial cells of pulmonary alveoli [ 131 ]), Purkinje cells of the
cerebellum, and endothelial cells of capillaries (e.g., thyroid and kidney such as
peritubular capillaries), postcapillary venules [ 132 ], and large pulmonary venules.
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) is targeted by members of both
CC and CXC families (e.g., CCL2, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL7, and
CXCL8). However, DARC causes neither G-protein-coupled receptor signaling nor
Ca 2 + flux. The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (Darc or FY) gene (located
on chromosome 1) encodes the Duffy blood group determinants that consist of 5
phenotypes (FyA, FyB, FyO, FyX, and FyY). Antigens FyA and FyB differ by a
single amino acid (Gly43 and Asp43, respectively).

3.5.6.4 Diego Blood Group

The Diego blood group comprises 21 rare blood factors associated with chloride-
bicarbonate exchanger (counter-transporter, also known as band-3 protein) that is
encoded by the SLC4A1 gene (SLC: solute carrier family) on chromosome 17.

32 Monosaccharides of A and B antigens are N acetylgalactosamine and galactose, respectively.