Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.23.
Markers and transcription factors of T-lymphocyte populations (
Part 2
;
Source: [
225
]; AHR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor, or bHLHe76; BATF: basic leucine zipper
transcription factor, ATF-like; BCL6: B-cell lymphoma protein-6, a.k.a. zinc finger and BTB
domain-containing protein ZBTB27 and zinc finger protein ZNF51; BLIMP: B-lymphocyte-
induced maturation protein, a.k.a.
-interferon gene positive regulatory domain I-binding factor,
positive regulatory domain I-binding factor PRDIBF1, and positive regulatory domain-containing
protein-1 with zinc finger domain PRDM1; BMI1: polycomb group RING finger proto-ongogene
product, a.k.a. protein PCGF4 and RING finger protein RNF51. CCL: CC-chemokine ligand; CCR:
CC-chemokine receptor; CRTH2: chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on
T
H2
cells; CXCR: CXC-chemokine receptor; GATA: GATA-binding protein; I
β
κ
B
ζ
: inhibitor of
NF-
; ICOS: inducible T-cell costimulator; Ifn: interferon; IL: interleukin; IRF: interferon-
regulatory factor; KGF: keratinocyte growth factor [KGF1 and KGF2 are FGF7 and FGF10,
respectively]; KLRb1: killer cell lectin-like receptor-B1, or CD161; MAF: musculoaponeurotic
fibrosarcoma oncogene; PD: programmed cell death; ROR: retinoic acid receptor-related receptor;
SAP: SLAM-associated protein; SLAM: signaling lymphocytic activation molecule; STAT: signal
transducer and activator of transcription; TCR: T-cell receptor; T
FH
: follicular helper T cell; T
H
:
helper T cell).
κ
B-
ζ
Subset
Plasmalemmal markers and transcription factors
T
H1
αβ
TCR, CD3, IL12R, IL16R, Ifn
γ
R,
CXCR3; TBx21, STAT1/4
T
H2
αβ
TCR, CD3, IL4R, IL16R, IL33R, CCR4,
IL17R
β
, CRTH2; DEC2, GATA3, IRF4, MAF, STAT6
T
H9
αβ
TCR, CD3, IL16R; PU.1, IRF4
T
H17
αβ
TCR, CD3, IL1R, IL16R, IL23R, CCR6,
KLRb1; AHR (bHLHe76),, BATF, I
κ
B
ζ
,IRF4,
ROR
α
,ROR
γ
2, STAT3
T
H22
IL16R, CCR4/6/10; AHR
T
FH
αβ
TCR, CD3, IL16R, IL21R, CXCR5, SLAM,
ICOS, PD1, TNFSF4/5; SAP; BCL6 (ZBTB27), STAT3
+
helper T cells interact with dendritic cells. Natural killer cells
and B and other T lymphocytes coordinate their activities to optimize the immune
response. CD8
Activated CD4
+
T lymphocytes mature into cytotoxic T lymphocytes that secrete
cytokines and can kill infected cells.
Naive CD4
+
T cells activated by pathogens in a specific cytokine environment
at initial engagement of their T-cell and costimulatory receptors differentiate into
different subsets that mobilize other cell types to destroy invading pathogens. Naive
CD4
T cells are able to differentiate into various subsets of helper T cells,
113
+
as
+
β
well as into FoxP3
induced T
Reg
cells (iT
Reg
) in the presence of TGF
.
+
+
CD4
helper and CD8
cytotoxic T cells constitute most of the mature
αβ
+
thymocytes is selected for differentiation into mature cells that home to peripheral
secondary lymphoid organs. Coordinated activation and/or repression of genes of
+
T lymphocytes. However, a small proportion of double-positive CD4
,CD8
113
Differentiation into T
H1
and T
H2
cells depends on Ifn
γ
and IL4, respectively. Complete differ-
entiation of T
H17
cells requires 3 steps [
226
]: (1) induction by IL6 and TGF
β
; (2) amplification by
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