Remediation and Reuse of Stormwater by Ecotechnology - Environmental Contamination: Health Risks and Ecological Restoration - page 426

wastewater,.the.cost.of.its.storage.infrastructure.and.overall.costs.are.higher.
than.for.reclaimed.wastewater.(McCann,.2010).
The.design.of.Sydney.Olympic.Park.(SOP).was.based.on.the.concept.of.an.
integrated. urban. water. cycle. and. includes. land. rehabilitation,. lood. allevia-
tion,.aquatic.habitat.restoration,.stormwater.storage.and.reuse,.pollution.con-
trol,. and. recreational. provision.. Thirty. different. constructed. wetlands. were.
created.onsite,.a.water.storage.basin.was.developed.in.a.disused.brick.pit,.and.
the.main.stadium.has.3.ML/day.storage.for.rainwater..The.source.of.reclaimed.
water.is.a.“sewer.mine”.supplemented.by.surface.run-off.from.the.brick.pit..
Water.use.at.SOP.is.48%.recycled,.46%.direct.stormwater.reuse,.and.6%.potable..
Of.the.recycled.water,.60%.is.used.for.irrigation.and.washdown.(Scholes.and.
Shutes,.2007)..The.World.Games.2009.stadium.in.Kaohsiung.City,.Taiwan,.is.a.
recent.example.of.the.application.of.sustainable.design.principles.to.a.sports.
stadium..The.total.area,.including.the.stadium.and.surrounding.facilities,.is.
19.ha.of.which.7.ha.were.used.to.construct.green.belt,.bike.track,.sports-park,.
constructed.wetlands.and.ponds..The.stadium.was.designed.to.collect.rain-
water. from.the. roof. and. store. it. in. tanks,. and. to.recycle. and. reuse. the. gray.
water,.which.is.used.for.irrigating.grassland,.washing.solar.cells.on.the.roof,.
and.providing.a.water.source.for.eco-ponds..The.wetlands.and.ponds.in.the.
surrounding.parks.were.designed.with.gradual.slopes.and.planted.with.trees,.
shrubs,.and.aquatic.plant.species.along.the.lake.shore.to.imitate.a.natural.river.
with.upstream,.middle.stream,.and.downstream.sections.
The. Chongqing. gray. water. demonstration. project. will. be. located. in. the.
New.Huxi.Campus.of.Chongqing.University.(CQU).(SWITCH,.2010)..There.
are.two.large.lakes.in.the.teaching.area,.and.one.in.the.residential.area..In.
the.irst.phase,.about.250,000.m 2 .of.lecture,.laboratory.and.student.building.
have.been.constructed..An.integrated.scheme.combining.gray.water.reuse,.
landscaping. and. aesthetics. is. proposed. (Figure. 19.4).. The. gray. water. from.
21.high-rise.buildings.will.be.collected.and.treated.onsite.by.a.constructed.
wetland,.and.the.rainwater.will.be.captured.and.treated.onsite.with.shallow.
grass.trenches,.swales,.and.constructed.wetlands..The.reclaimed.water.(both.
gray.water.and.rainwater).will.be.used.as.the.source.of.landscape.irrigation.
and.will.complement.the.lake.water..The.gray.water.demonstration.project.
for.the.new.campus.of.CQU.will.reduce.the.consumption.of.potable.water.by.
150.ML/year..If.this.project.can.be.replicated.at.10.sites.in.each.city.in.China,.
it.will.reduce.the.consumption.of.potable.water.by.990.billion.liters.per.year.
or.the.future.water.supply.shortage.in.China.by.2.5%.
Conclusion
BMPs. for. urban. drainage. will. increase. stormwater. storage. and. iniltration.
volumes. and. reduce. the. volumes. of. stormwater. discharged. to. the. sewer.