Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
in.volume.and.peak.low.rates.will.reduce.the.hazards.of.downstream.lash.
loods. to. the. public. and. sewer. operators.. If. designed. appropriately,. BMPs.
should.present.fewer.risks.in.terms.of.health.and.safety,.although.there.are.
undoubtedly.concerns.associated.with.the.provision.and.operation.of.drain-
age.facilities.in.public.open.spaces.which.have.the.potential.for.health.effects.
due.to.the.presence.of.insect.vectors,.vermin.and.algal.blooms.in.open.water.
or.the.margins.of.ponds.and.wetlands.
The.Australian.National.Guidelines.for.Water.Recycling:.Managing.Health.
and. Environmental. Risks,. Phase. 2. (2009). address. urban. stormwater. reuse.
and.managed.aquifer.recharge.for.end.uses.including.drinking.water.supply,.
non-drinking.purposes.and.ecosystem.protection..An.aquifer.storage.trans-
fer. and. recovery. (ASTR). project. is. aimed. to. determine. if. stormwater. from.
an.urban.mixed.residential.catchment.could.be.harvested.through.an.engi-
neered.wetland.and.recovered.at.a.potable.quality.(Figure.19.3)..However,.the.
project.partners.are.not.currently.advocating.the.use.of.stormwater.as.drink-
ing. water.. In. the. demonstration. project. in. Salisbury,. a. suburb. of.Adelaide,.
stormwater. was. treated. by. passing. it. through. a. constructed. wetland. and.
injecting.it.via.a.well.into.a.brackish.limestone.aquifer.160.m.belowground.
for.storage..After.12.months,.the.stored.water.was.recovered.and.treated.to.
drinking.water.quality.(CSIRO,.2010).
Stormwater. harvesting. captures. 70%. of. surface. run-off. in. Salisbury,.
300.ML/year.or.2%.of.demand,.of.which.40%.is.passed.to.water.supply.to.munic-
ipal.irrigation.and.third. pipe.systems. and.60%.injected.to.ASTR..Salisbury.
has.been.a.demonstration.site.for.ASTR.of.stormwater.in.the.European.Union.
(EU).water.reclamation.technologies.for.safe.artiicial.groundwater.recharge.
project,.with.the.objective.of.developing.hazard.mitigation.technologies.for.
water. reclamation.and. providing. safe. and.cost-effective. routes.for.artiicial.
groundwater. recharge. (RECLAIM,. 2006).. However,. because. stormwater.
supply.is.intermittent.in.comparison.to.the.continuous.supply.of.reclaimed.
20 days
10 days
12 months
1 day
Stormwater
drain
Granular
activated
carbon
In-stream
storage
Holding
storage
Injection/recovery
well
Filter
(0.2 µm)
Wetland
Additional barriers
to pathogens and
organic compounds
Settlement of
gross pollutants and fines
Filtration
Diversion
Aerobic degradation
Phytoremediation
Volatilization
Aquifer
Anaerobic degradation
Pathogen attenuation
FIGURE 19.3
Diagram.of.system.processing.stormwater.to.drinking.water..(From.Commonwealth.Scientiic.
and. Industrial. Research. Organisation. (CSIRO),. Storage. and. treating. stormwater. for. reuse.
using. aquifers,. http://www.clw.csiro.au/research/urban/reuse/projects/ASTRbrochure.pdf,.
2010..Copyright.CSIRO.Land.and.Water.
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