Microbial Transformation of Phthalate Esters: Diversity of Hydrolytic Esterases - Environmental Contamination: Health Risks and Ecological Restoration - page 326

COOR COOH

COOR COOR

(I) (II)

COOH

(A) (B)

COOH

COOH

(III)

COOH

COOH

COOH

H

H

HO

H OH

OH
OH H

(VI)

(IV)

COOH

COOH

COOH

COOH

HO

OH

OH

OH

COOH

(VII)

(V)

OH

OH

(VIII)

FIGURE 15.2
The. scheme. of. transformation. of. ortho -phthalate. ester. to. protocatechate.. (A). Pseudomonas .
spp.. transformation. pathway. (From. Keyser,. P.. et. al.,. Environ. Health Perspect .,. 18,. 159,. 1976.);.
(B). A. keyseri .12B.transformation.pathway..(From.Eaton,.R.W.,. J. Bacteriol .,.183(12),.3689,.2001.).
(I). ortho -phthalate.ester;.(II).Monophthalate.ester;.(III).Phthalic.acid;.(IV). cis -3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-
dihydrophthalate;. (V). 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate;. (VI). cis -4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydrophthalate;.
(VII).4,5-dihydroxyphthalate;.and.(VIII).protocatechuate.

Single-Species Degradation

The.enriched.bacteria.from.environment.are.normally.isolated.using.the.
selective. medium. technique.. The. species. with. degradation. ability. can.
be. used. to. perform. biodegradation. for. the. target. chemicals.. From. 1972.
to. date,. there. are. many. reports. on. the. use. of. single. species. in. the. deg-
radation. process. of. PAEs. (Keyser. et. al.. 1976,. Babu. and. Vaidyanathan.
1982,. Eaton. 1982,. Eaton. and. Ribbons. 1982,. Karegoudar. and. Pujar. 1984,.
Sivamurthy. et. al.. 1991,. Williams. et. al.. 1992,. Ganji. et. al.. 1995,. Jackson.
et. al.. 1996,. Aleshchenkova. et.al.. 1997,. Patel. et. al.. 1998,. Yan. and. Liu. 1998,.