Decision-Making Support Tools for Managing Electronic Waste - Environmental Contamination: Health Risks and Ecological Restoration - page 222

Environmental risk assessment

Problem formulation

Planning
(risk assessment of
e-waste deposed in
landfill)

Source/pathway/receptor

Characterization
of
exposure

Characterization
of
ecological
effects

Risk characterization

Risk estimation/risk description

Communicating results to the risk manager

Risk management

FIGURE 11.3
Framework.of.Environmental.Risk.Assessment..(Modiied.from.U.S..EPA,. Guidelines for Ecological
Risk Assessment ,.EPA/630/R-95/002F,.Risk.assessment.forum,.U.S..EPA,.Washington,.DC,.1998.)

Source: e-waste in landfill

Type of e-waste
Volume of e-waste
Degree of degradation

Pathway:

Receptor:

Leachate

Leachability
Leachate volumes

Ecosystem
Human health

Groundwater

Soil

Intrusive investigations

Geophysics

Quality of landfill liner

FIGURE 11.4
Problems.of.e-waste.dispose.in.landill.

Risk Management

The.last.stage.is.the.decision-making.process.for.remediation..It.offers.policy.
input.to.the.problem.formulation,.indicates.the.results.of.the.risk.analysis,.
and.makes.a.decision.as.to.the.optimum.remediation.strategy.