Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
AssessmentandInterpretationforIntegrated
LifeCycleandRiskAssessment
LCA. and. RA. have. been. developed. with. different. aims. and. on. a. con-
ceptually. different. basis.. However,. the. two. tools. provide. varying.
perspectives. of. the. same. issue,. which. can. beneit. and. complement. each.
other..The.relationships.between.life.cycle.assessment.and.risk.assessment.
are. illustrated. in. Figure. 11.5.. The. results. of. using. them. in. tandem. can.
provide. valuable. support. for. decision. making. and. help. to. solve. e-waste.
disposal.problems.
Conclusion
It.is.now.well.recognized.that.e-waste.is.a.major.problem.not.just.in.devel-
oped.countries,.but.also.in.developing.countries.and.countries.in.transition..
The.export.of.these.wastes.to.developing.countries.have.created.major.envi-
ronmental,.human.health,.and.social.hazards.that,.unless.resolved,.would.
lead.to.major.calamity.among.the.community.of.workers.and.their.families.
who.handle.e-wastes.as.a.source.of.income.to.support.themselves.and.their.
families..In.addition.to.developing.effective.policies.for.handling.e-wastes,.
these.is.a.need.for.an.effective.decision-making.tool.that.not.only.captures.
the.disposal.of.such.wastes.to.landills.but.also.helps.regulators.manage.the.
import.and.distribution.of.e-wastes.in.their.countries..The.decision.support.
tool.presented.in. this. chapter.should.provide.directions.to.regulators.and.
waste.handlers.for.the.management.of.e-wastes.
LCA
LCA
LCA
LCA
(E)RA
(E) RA
LCA
(E) RA
(E) RA
(E) RA
A
Separated
B
Overlapped
C
(E) RA as
subset of LCA
D
LCA as subset
of E (RA)
E
Complementary
tools
FIGURE 11.5
Relations. between.LCA. and. ERA..(From.Flemström,. K.. et.al.,.
Relationships between Life Cycle
Assessment and Risk Assessment—Potentials and Obstacles
,.Industrial.Environmental.Informatics.
(IMI),.Chalmers.University.of.Technology,.Naturvårdsverket,.Sweden,.82pp.,.2004.)
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