Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in China: Sources, Trends, and Their Adverse Impacts on Human Health - Environmental Contamination: Health Risks and Ecological Restoration - page 128

ΣPBDEs.and.BDE-209,.respectively..These.results.were.close.to.the.readings.
detected.in.Tokyo.Bay,.Osaka.Bay,.Japan;.the.mouth.of.the.Scheld.River,.the.
Netherlands;.the.mouth.of.the.Cinca.River,.Spain;.and.Hadley.Lake,.Indiana,.
the.United.States,.where.the.levels.of.ΣPBDEs.and.BDE-209.were.3.6,.85;.1.9,.
350;.24,.22;.41.7,.39.9;.and.13.9,.28.8.ng/g.dry.wt.,.respectively.
However,. there. were. several. exceptions;. for. example,. Laizhou. Bay. and. a.
river.in.Guiyu.had.very.high.ΣPBDEs.and.BDE-209.(7,191.and.7,120.ng/g.dry.
wt..at.Laizhou.Bay,.and.16,088.and.62.2.ng/g.[dry.wt.].at.Guiyu,.respectively),.
because.of.two.industries.operating.in.these.two.regions:.a.Deca-BDE.factory.
located.at.Laizhou.Bay.and.an.e-waste.recycling.unit.located.at.Guiyu.(Hong.
Kong. Greenpeace. Organization. 2003,. Jin. et. al.. 2008,. Leung. et. al.. 2007).. The.
concentrations.found.in.these.two.regions.were.higher.than.other.industrial.
sites.in.the.world,.for.example,.the.industrial.harbor.in.South.Korea.(ΣPBDEs.
and.BDE-209.at.2253.and.2248.ng/g,.respectively),.the.mouth.of.the.Tees.River,.
United. Kingdom. (ΣPBDEs:. 1271.ng/g);. and. the. mouth. of. the. Viskan. River,.
Sweden,. which. is. located. next. to. a. Deca-BDE. production. factory. (BDE-209:.
7100.ng/g).(Allchin.et.al..1999,.Moon.et.al..2002,.Sellström.et.al..1998).(Table.7.7).
Biota
PBDEs.are.hydrophobic.organic.compounds,.which.can.be.easily.attached.to.
lipids.inside.the.bodies.of.biota.through.two.pathways:.(1).by.bioconcentra-
tion. directly. through. the. water. column. and. (2). biomagniications. through.
the. food. web. (Kiriluk. et. al.. 1997).. De. Carlo. and. Ann. (1979). irst. detected.
PBDEs.in.soil.and.sludge.close.to.a.PBDE.production.factory.in.the.United.
States,. while. Andersson. and. Blomkvist. (1981). detected. PBDEs. in. ish. in.
Sweden.(Table.7.8).
When. comparing. bivalve. samples. collected. along. China's. coastal. waters.
(from.the.north.such.as.Dalian,.Qingdao,.Shanghai,.and.Ninbo.to.the.south.of.
China),.the.highest.ΣPBDEs.levels.were.found.in.mussel.tissue.(Perna.viridis).
from.Hong.Kong.coastal.areas,.at.27.0-83.7.ng/g.dry.wt..(about.300-8500.ng/g.
lipid)..Within.the.same.areas,.ΣPBDEs.in.surface.sediments.ranged.from.1.7.
to. 53.6.ng/g. dry. wt.,. and. the. bioaccumulation. ratio. (mussel. to. sediment). of.
Σ 15 PBDEs.was.1.6-4.7.(Liu.et.al..2005b)..ΣPBDEs.in.dolphin.blubber.reached.
980.ng/g. dry. wt.. in. 2005. and. 4030.ng/g. dry. wt.. in. 2008. (Ramu. et. al.. 2005,.
Kajiwara.et.al..2006,.Lau.2008,.Wang.et.al..2007)..There.seems.to.be.an.indica-
tion.that.the.concentration.increased.with.time,.although.the.increase.may.be.
also.due.to.variation.in.each.individual.dolphin.
In.areas.with.extensive.e-waste.activities,.ish.contaminated.by.PBDEs.was.
commonly.observed,.for.example,.in.muscle.and.liver.of.common.carp.col-
lected.from.local.rivers.in.Guiyu.(ΣPBDEs.115-1088.and.2687.ng/g.wet.wt.,.
respectively).(Liu.et.al..2008).and.common.carp.from.the.Yangtze.River.and.
perch.from.the.Bohai.Sea.(ΣPBDEs.1100.and.3230.ng/g.wet.wt.,.respectively).
(Xian. et. al.. 2008).. Like. the. Pearl. River. Delta,. PBDEs. from. the. surrounding.
environment.appeared.to.be.concentrated.at.the.Yangtze.River.Delta.where.