Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
GREENLAND
Arctic Circle
FINLAND
ICELAND
NORWAY
RUSSIA
60
°
60
°
SWEDEN
ESTONIA
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
BELARUS
UKRAINE
MOLDOVA
UNITED KINGDOM
DENMARK
NETH.
IRELAND
GER.
POLAND
BELG.
LUX.
CZ. REP.
AUST.
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
SLVK.
KAZAKHSTAN
SWITZ.
HUNG.
MONGOLIA
ROM.
FRANCE
SLOV.
CRO.
BOS.
MONT.
KOS.
ALB.
SERB.
UZBEKISTAN
BULG.
GEORGIA
KYRGYZSTAN
ITALY
N.
KOREA
S.
KOREA
SPAIN
40
°
MACE.
ARMENIA
40
°
JAPAN
PORTUGAL
TURKMENISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
TURKEY
GREECE
AZERBAIJAN
CHINA
SYRIA
CYPRUS
TUNISIA
AFGHANISTAN
MOROCCO
LEBANON
IRAQ
IRAN
PACIFIC
JORDAN
BHUTAN
ISRAEL
PAKISTAN
NEPAL
KUWAIT
ALGERIA
LIBYA
WESTERN
SAHARA
BAHRAIN
EGYPT
QATAR
BANGLADESH
TAIWAN
Tropic of Cancer
U.A.E.
SAUDI
ARABIA
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
INDIA
20
°
OMAN
MAURITANIA
LAOS
MALI
BURKINA
FASO
NIGER
VIETNAM
SUDAN
ERITREA
OCEAN
CHAD
YEMEN
SENEGAL
GAMBIA
THAILAND
PHILIPPINES
CAMBODIA
DJIBOUTI
GUINEA-BISSAU
GUINEA
SIERRA LEONE
NIGERIA
SRI LANKA
IVORY
COAST
SOUTH
SUDAN
ETHIOPIA
CENTRAL
AFRICAN REP.
BRUNEI
CAMEROON
LIBERIA
SOMALIA
INDIAN
TOGO
MALAYSIA
GHANA
BENIN
UGANDA
KENYA
CONGO
Equator
0
°
RWANDA
GABON
SINGAPORE
EQUATORIAL
GUINEA
THE
CONGO
OCEAN
PAPUA
NEW
GUINEA
BURUNDI
INDONESIA
TANZANIA
COMOROS
ATLANTIC
EAST TIMOR
ANGOLA
MALAWI
ZAMBIA
VANUATU
FIJI
MOÇAMBIQUE
MADAGASCAR
ZIMBABWE
MAURITIUS
20
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
NAMIBIA
NEW
CALEDONIA
Tropic of Capricorn
BOTSWANA
AUSTRALIA
OCEAN
SWAZILAND
SOUTH
AFRICA
LESOTHO
NEW
ZEALAND
40
°
40
°
40
°
0
°
20
°
40
°
60
°
100
°
120
°
140
°
160
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
Antarctic Circle
north-south civil war, which lasted from 1983 to 2005.
The government of Sudan funded the Janjaweed militia,
which practiced a scorched earth campaign, burning vil-
lages throughout the south.
The civil war between north and south in Sudan
caused immense damage. Over 2.2 million people died in
the fi ghting or starved as a result of the war. More than
5 million people were displaced, with over 1.6 million
fl eeing to neighboring Uganda alone. Both sides of the
Sudanese civil war interfered with the efforts of interna-
tional agencies to help the refugees.
In 1999, Sudan began exporting oil, which is extracted
from southern Sudan. Global attention to the humanitar-
ian crisis of the Sudanese civil war prompted the northern
government to agree to a compromise. In 2002, the north
and south brokered a temporary peace deal, but shortly
thereafter, violence began in the Darfur region in western
Sudan. The entire north of Sudan is largely Muslim, but
only two-thirds of the northerners speak Arabic as their
native language. The other one-third are Muslim but are
not ethnically Arab. The non-Arab Muslims are part of
at least 30 different ethnic groups in the Darfur region of
