Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
GREENLAND
U.S.
(Alaska)
6
0
°
CANADA
40
°
40
°
UNITED STATES
ATLANTIC
BERMUDA
OCEAN
BAHAMAS
MEXICO
Tropic of Cancer
CUBA
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
20
°
20
20
°
°
JAMAICA
U.S.
(Hawaii)
BELIZE
HONDURAS
NICARAGUA
HAITI
PUERTO
RICO
PACIFIC
GUATEMALA
EL SALVADOR
COSTA RICA
PANAMA
BARBADOS
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
OCEAN
VENEZUELA
SURINAME
FRENCH GUIANA
COLOMBIA
GUYANA
Equator
0
°
ECUADOR
BRAZIL
PERU
AVERAGE REFUGEES BY
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN,
2000-2009
BOLIVIA
20
°
20
°
20
°
Tropic of Capricorn
PARAGUAY
Over 800,000
300,001 to 800,000
URUGUAY
CHILE
ARGENTINA
100,001 to 300,000
40
°
40
°
40
°
40
°
25,001 to 100,000
10,001 to 25,000
Under 10,000
160
°
140
°
120
°
80
°
60
°
40
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
Few refugees
0
1000
2000
3000 Kilometers
0
1000
2000 Miles
Figure 3.18
Average Refugee Population between 2000 and 2009 by Country of Origin
.
Data from
:
World Health Organization, Global Health Atlas, 2009.
In 1997, civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone sent columns
of hundreds of thousands of refugees streaming into Guinea
and Ivory Coast. The UNHCR reported more than 1.5 mil-
lion refugees in West Africa in 1997. In 2011, the number of
refugees in West Africa declined to under 200,000 as a result
of improved political stability and repatriation. The largest
refugee fl ows in Subsaharan Africa now come out of Central
and East Africa, including the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, the Sudan, and Somalia.
Sudan, which began a second civil war in 1983, dem-
onstrates the complexities of refugee crises in Subsaharan
Africa today. The confl ict in Sudan was originally between
the north, which is largely Arab and Muslim, and the
south, which is majority black African and Christian or
animist (the south has since seceded and is now South
Sudan). Sudan, a country drawn by European colonialism,
was home to traditional religions in the south, Christianity
brought by Western missionaries in the south, and Islam
brought by North African traders in the north.
The government in Khartoum, located in the Muslim
north, waged a campaign of genocide toward ethnic
groups in the Christian and animist south during the
