Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Arctic Circle
RUSSIA
8
60
°
60
°
EUROPE
1
40
°
40
°
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
CHINA
PACIFIC
INDIA
2
Tropic of Cancer
20
°
AFRICA
OCEAN
2
5
5
6
5
INDIAN
3
Equator
0
°
OCEAN
4
20
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
ATLANTIC
Tropic of Capricorn
AUSTRALIA
OCEAN
3
3
40
°
40
°
40
°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
0
°
20
°
40
°
60
°
100
°
120
°
140
°
160
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
Antarctic Circle
business leaders in the region. Today, South Asians con-
trol a disproportionate share of commerce and hold much
of the wealth in the region, which has become a major
source of ethnic friction.
Long before the British arrived in India, Hindu
infl uences radiated into Southeast Asia, reaching the
Indonesian islands of Java and Bali. Later, the British
renewed the Indian migration stream, bringing South
Asians to the Malay Peninsula (including Singapore) and
to their Pacifi c holdings including Fiji (Fig. 3.11).
The British were also instrumental in relocating
Asians, mainly from India, to such Caribbean countries
as Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, the trans-Pacifi c
stream labeled 5 in Fig. 3.11. The Dutch were pivotal
in the migration of many Javanese from what is today
Indonesia to the former Dutch dependency of Suriname
along the same route.
Regional Migration Flows
The stories of huge fl ows of migrants mapped in Figure
3.11 were unprecedented and meet few rivals in terms
of sheer numbers today. Although some global migra-
tion fl ows already discussed were forced and some were
voluntary, each occurred at a global scale and across
