Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 23.14 (continued)
Representative Sample of Time Series Studies that Relate Daily Changes in Measures of
PM Aerosol to Daily Changes in Non-Accidental Mortality
General Population-Based Time Series Studies
Study
Population
Years
Pollutants
a
Methods
Results
References
Sydney,
Australia
1989-1993
PM
0.01-2
, NO
2
, O
3
PR, GEE
Percent increase for 10th-90th
percentile change in PM
10
in
models with O
3
and NO
2
[302]
Cardiovascular 2.1% (0.3-5.0)
Respiratory 0.7% (−5.5, 7.5)
No associations with O
3
and NO
2
Dublin,
Ireland
1984-1997
PR with
interrupted
time series
Percent decrease in deaths/10
3
person years before and after the
1990 ban on soft coal
[223]
Cardiovascular 10.3 (12.6-8.0)
Respiratory 15.5 (19.1, 11.6)
Age <60 years 7.9 (12.0, 3.6)
Age 75+ years 4.5 (6.7-2.3)
Vancouver,
Canada
d
1994-1996
PM
10
, CO, NO
2
,
SO
2
, O
3
PR, GAM
Largest increases were for O
3
for
respiratory mortality in summer,
SO
2
for respiratory mortality in
winter, and NO
2
for CVD deaths
in winter. PM
10
at lag 2 days
showed association with total
mortality
[303]
Seoul, Korea
1995-1998
PM
10
, NO
2
, CO, O
3
PR, GAM
Percentage change in mortality
from stroke/interquartile increase
in PM
10
1.5% (1.3-1.8) in
single-pollutant model −1.2%:
PM
10
effect for O
3
concentrations
< median for O
3
(13 ppb) and
2.7% for O
3
above median O
3
concentration (correlation
between O
3
and PM
10
= −0.3)
[224]
Case-crossover studies
e
Philadelphia,
PA
1973-1980
TSP, no other
pollutants
evaluated
CLR
2
Adjusted odds ratio (OR)/100 μg/
m
3
increment in 48 h TSP = 1.06
[305]
>65 years 1.07 (1.04-1.11)
CVD 1.06 (1.02-1.11)
Pneumonia 1.08 (0.92-1.26)
Seoul, Korea
1991-1995
TSP, SO
2
, O
3
CLR
[306]
RR/100 μg/m
3
increase in 3-day
moving average TSP = 1.01
(0.99-1.03)
SO
2
(50 ppb) 1.05 (1.02-1.08)
O
3
1.02 (0.99-1.05)
RR for SO
2
from PR = 1.08
(1.06-1.10)
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