Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 23.14
Representative Sample of Time Series Studies that Relate Daily Changes in Measures of
PM Aerosol to Daily Changes in Non-Accidental Mortality
General Population-Based Time Series Studies
Study
Population
Years
Pollutants
a
Methods
Results
References
Santa Clara
County, CA
1980-1986
Winter COH
Multiple
polynomial
models;
PR
2
Results: % increase per unit
change in COH (2-day lag)
Respiratory 11.1
Cancer 1.0
Circulatory 9.4
Philadelphia,
PA
1972-1982
TSP, SO
2
PR, GEE
[299]
RR
2
for 100 μg/m
3
(mean of days
0 and 1)
<65 year = 1.03
65+ years = 1.1 associations for
COPD
1
, CVD,CVD, less clear
for pneumonia
Buffalo/
Rochester,
NY
1988-1990
H
+
, SO
4
2−
, SO
2
,
CO, NO
2
, O
3
,
PM
10
(predicted
from COH and
SO
4
for 5/6 days)
PR
RR/IQR
2
for respiratory/CVD
mortality
[300]
PM
10
(unilled) 1.048 1.034
COH 1.016 1.014
SO
4
2
1.024 1.011
O
3
1.037 1.009
Coachella
Valley, CA
b
1989-1998
PM
10
, CO, NO
2
, O
3
,
PM
2.5
(measured
directly last
2.5 years),
PM
10-2.5
(predicted)
PR
RR/IQR for respiratory/CVD
mortality
[133]
PM
10
(lag 0) 1.03 (1.01-1.05
c
)
PM
10-2.5
(lag 0) 1.02 (1.01-1.04)
PM
2.5
(lag 4) 1.03 (0.98-1.09)
All PM
2.5
RR include 1 in
sensitivity analyses; other PM
exclude 1
Santiago,
Chile
1989-1991
PM
10
, NO
2
, SO
2
, O
3
OLS
2
PR
RR/115 μg/m
3
change in PM
10
[133]
Respiratory 1.15 (1.08-1.23)
CVD 1.09 (1.04-1.14)
Age 65+ years 1.11 (1.07-1.14)
Male 1.11 (1.07-1.14)
Female 1.06 (1.02-1.10)
PM association robust to inclusion
of other pollutants
Mexico City
1990-1992
TSP, PM
10
SO
2
,
CO, O
3
PR
RR for 100 μg/m
3
change in TSP
in regressions with SO
2
, O
3
[119]
Age >65 years 1.06 (1.03-1.09)
Respiratory 1.10 (1.01-1.18)
Cardiovascular 1.05 (1.01-1.10)
95% CI for estimates for SO
2
and
O
3
include 1 in all models
(
continued
)
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