Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Application of appropriate and required safety practices
to protect workers and the public.
Comprehensive knowledge, training, and certification
(where required) of all applicable personnel.
Sodium Hypochlorite
This is a solution of sodium hydroxide and chlorine (NaOCl).
It can be purchased in several strengths, generally from 3 to 15
percent by weight (ANSI/AWWA B300). Household bleach is 3 to
4 percent sodium hypochlorite. Commercially, it is available in a
variety of containers from 1 qt (1 L) to 30 gal (113.6 L). Bulk
tanks or rail cars are available in some areas. On-site generation
equipment is available; therefore this chemical can be produced
as needed by utility personnel or contractors.
Recommendations of the Chlorine Institute regarding safe
handling specifics should be followed. Sodium hypochlorite is not
as hazardous as liquid chlorine, but precautions are still
recommended.
Store in a cool, dark place to minimize the rate of
decomposition.
Store in shipping container or container made of com-
patible material (plastic).
Keep container closed to prevent corrosive fumes from
escaping.
Wear personal protective equipment, such as gloves,
apron, and eye protection.
Calcium Hypochlorite
Calcium hypochlorite is a dry, white or yellow-white, granular
material produced from the reaction of lime and chlorine (ANSI/
AWWA B300). Calcium hypochlorite is commonly 65 percent
available chlorine. It is commercially available in granular, pow-
dered, or tablet forms.
Tablet size is about 5 g and can take 7 hr or longer to dissolve
in water. Colder temperatures may increase dissolving time, so
adequate time is needed when using this form of the chemical.
Calcium hypochlorite intended for swimming pool disinfection
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