Respiratory and Cardiovascular Effects of Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter: A Critical Review - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 192

Table 10 Summary of in vitro studies with metals from sources of ambient particulate matter

Cell type Genes/pathways Metals

Altered gene expression
Graff et al. ( 2004 )
Neonatal rat ventricular
myocytes

Infl ammation, electrical
impulse conduction

￿ Vanadium sulfate

￿ Zinc sulfate

Nadadur et al. ( 2009 )
HUVEC human umbilical
vein endothelial cells

Endothelial cell
permeability, membrane
integrity, pathway signaling

￿ ROFA

￿ Vanadium sulfate

Gutierrez-Castillo et al. ( 2006 )
A549 human lung
epithelial cells

Non-specifi c DNA damage
and repair (comet assay)

￿ Cu, Ni and V from PM 2.5 and
PM 10 Mexico City (2002-2003)

Kim et al. ( 2006 )
BEAS-2B cells IL-8, and upstream signaling

pathway genes MAPK,
ERK, JNK, AP-1

￿ Zn sulfate

Klein-Patel et al. ( 2006 )
A549 human lung epithelial
cells; BTE bovine tracheal
epithelial cells

ʒ -defensin-2 gene ￿ ROFA Florida Power Plant

￿ Fe and Ni sulfate
￿ Si and Ti dioxide
￿ V pentoxide and sulfate
￿ Psuedomonas aeruginos LPS

Salnikow et al. ( 2004 )
1HEAo − human lung cells NDRG-1/Cap43 cellular

hypoxia protein; IL-8

￿ Ferric sulfate

￿ Ferrous sulfate

￿ Ni sulfate

Prophete et al. ( 2006 )
NR8383 rat alveolar
macrophages

NO; iron response protein
IRP; extracellular signal-
regulated kinases ERK1 and
2; iNOS

￿ Aluminum chloride
hexahydrate
￿ Ferric chloride hexahydrate
￿ Manganese chloride

tetrahydrate

￿ Sodium vanadate

Kennedy et al. ( 1998 )
BEAS-2B cells IL-8, NK- ʺ B ￿ TSP Provo, Utah (Winter 1982)

￿ Copper sulfate

￿ Iron sulfate

￿ Lead sulfate

￿ Zinc sulfate

Jaspers et al. ( 2000 )
BEAS-2B cells; NHBE cells NK- ʺ B, TNF- ʱ , p38 MAPK ￿ Vanadyl sulfate

Wang et al. ( 2003 )
Rat lung myofi broblasts STAT-1 (signal transducers

and activators of transcription)
for IFN-

￿ Vanadium pentoxide

ʳ and TNF- ʱ

(continued)