Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10
(continued)
Cell type
Genes/pathways
Metals
Wu et al. (
2003
)
BEAS-2B cells; NHBE cells
PTEN tumor suppressor
protein; P13K/Akt pathway
Zn sulfate
Infl ammatory markers
Alley et al. (
2009
)
WTHBF-6 human
bronchial fi broblasts
Cytotoxicity
As, Cu, Mn, Ni and V
a
PM
10
State of Maine
Duvall et al. (
2008
)
Primary human airway
epithelial cells
IL-8, COX-2, HO-1
Cu, Pb and V Fine (<0.1
m);
fi ne PM2.5 and coarse PM10
from six US cities
ʼ
Jalava et al. (
2009
)
Mouse macrophage
RAW 246.7
Cytotoxicity, IL-6, NO,
TNF-
Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and V PM
samples from six European cities
ʱ
, MIP-2
Smith et al. (
2000
)
A549 human lung
epithelial cells
IL-8, ferritin
Fe CFA generated by
combusting coal from Utah,
Illinois and North Dakota
Aust et al. (
2002
)
A549 human lung
epithelial cells
IL-8, PGE2, intracellular
ferritin
Cu, Fe and Zn CFA generated
by combusting coal from Utah,
Illinois and North Dakota
Carter et al. (
1997
)
NHBE normal human
bronchial epithelial cells
ʱ
IL-6, IL-8, TNF-
Fe, Ni and V ROFA Florida
power plant
Dye et al. (
1999
)
RTE rat tracheal
epithelial cells
Cytotoxicity, glutathione,
IL-6, MIP-2
Fe, Ni and V ROFA Florida
power plant
Ghio et al. (
1999a
,
b
)
BEAS-2B respiratory
epithelial cells
Lactoferrin receptors
Fe, Ni and V ROFA Florida
power plant
Riley et al. (
2003
); Okeson et al. (
2004
)
RL-6TN rat Type II
alveolar cells
Cytotoxicity, mitochondrial
activity (succinate
dehydrogenase activity)
Cu, Fe, Ni, V and Zn Soluble
metal chlorides, individually
and in combinations
Zhou and Kobzik (
2007
)
Primary mouse alveolar
macrophage; and murine
macrophage cell line J744
Macrophage interaction with
S. pneumoniae
FE CAPS (Boston/Harvard)
a
NIST—National Institute of Standards
A number of the
in vitro
studies addressed in this review were conducted as logi-
cal extensions of the
in vivo
studies. Consequently, many of the
in vitro
studies
employed similar protocols, the same cell culture lines, and the same sources of PM
and individual metal solutions. The
in vitro
studies offer the advantages of greater
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