Respiratory and Cardiovascular Effects of Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter: A Critical Review - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 182

Exposure
method

Form
of metal

Doses
(ratio animal/human) a Study Signifi cant responses

Gilmour
et al. ( 2006 )

Instillation:
rat

ZnSO 4 Saline control Total infl amm. cells

in BALF

Total protein in
BALF

Cardiac
prothrombomodulin
mRNA

Blood
coagulation
Factors

Red
blood cells

0.32 mg/kg (160,000)

Sig. increase over controls at 4, 24 and 48 h post exposure Sig. increase in

fi brinogen at 24
and 48 h

Sig. increase
in hematocrit
at 1, 24 and 48 h

Sig. increase
in APPT at 24
and 48 h

Sig. increase in
hemoglobin at
24 and 48 h

No sig. diff. in
Factor X activity

Gilmour
et al. ( 2006 )

Instillation:
rat

ZnSO 4 Saline control Metallothionein MT - 1 mRNA Zinc transporter - 2 mRNA

0.32 mg/kg (160,000) Lung: Sig. increase at 1,

4, 24 and 48 h (greatest at 4 h)

Lung: Sig. increase only at 1 and 4 h

Heart: Sig. increase at 4, 24
and 48 h (greatest at 24 h)

Heart: Sig. increase at 24 h;
Sig. decrease at 48 h.

Liver: Sig. increase
at 4, 24 and 48 h

Liver: Sig. increase at 4 h;
Sig. decrease at 48 h.

Prieditis and
Adamson
( 2002 )

Instillation:
mouse

ZnCl 2 Saline Alveolar macrophages Lung epithelial damage

4.8 ʼ g (120,000) Sig. increase at 3 and

7 days post exposure

Damage at days 1 and 3,
return to normal days 7 and 14

Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Saline No sig. difference No apparent changes

4.8 ʼ g

CuSO 4 Saline Sig. increase at 3 and

7 days post exposure

Damage at days 1 and 3,
return to normal days 7 and 14

4.8 ʼ g (310,000)

NiCl 2 Saline No sig. difference No apparent changes

4.8 ʼ g (1,300,000)

V 2 O 5 Saline No sig. difference No apparent changes

4.8 ʼ g (1,500,000)