Respiratory and Cardiovascular Effects of Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter: A Critical Review - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 183

Wallenborn
et al. ( 2008 )

Inhalation;
rat

ZnSO 4 F A BAL Cell counts and

protein levels

Cardiac and
pulmonary changes

Cardiac mitochondria
and cytosol enzymes

10 ʼ g/m 3 (4,400) NOAEL = 100 ʼ g/m 3 NOAEL = 100 ʼ g/m 3 NOAEL = 30 ʼ g/m 3

30 ʼ g/m 3 (13,000) LOAEL = NA LOAEL = NA LOAEL = 100 ʼ g/m 3

100 ʼ g/m 3 (44,000)

Muggenburg
et al. ( 2003 )

Inhalation;
dog

NiSO 4 0.05 mg/m 3 (27,000) Heart rate Heart rate

variability

Abnormal wave forms

NOAEL = 0.05 mg/m 3 NOAEL = 0.05 mg/

m 3

NOAEL = 0.05 mg/m 3

VOSO 4 0.05 mg/m 3 (32,000)

MnO 2 0.05 mg/m 3 (12,000)

V 2 O 5 0.05 mg/m 3 (32,000)

Fe 2 O 3 0.05 mg/m 3 (37,000)

CuO 2 0.05 mg/m 3 (6,500)

NiO 2 0.05 mg/m 3 (27,000)

Zhou
et al. ( 2003 )

Inhalation;
rat

Fe FA Pulmonary

cytotoxicity

Ferritin Oxidative stress Proinfl ammatory

cytokines

NF - kappa
beta

57 ʼ g/m 3 (3,700) NOAEL = 57 ʼ g/m 3 NOAEL = 57 ʼ g/m 3 NOAEL = 57 ʼ g/m 3 NOAEL = 57 ʼ g/

m 3

NOAEL =
90 ʼ g/m 3

90 ʼ g/m 3 (5,900) LOAEL = 90 ʼ g/m 3 LOAEL = 90 ʼ g/m 3 LOAEL = 90 ʼ g/m 3 LOAEL = 90 ʼ g/

m 3

a Dose expressed as ratio of animal to man on body weight basis, based on STN annual means (Table 3 ), body mass = 70 kg, 10 kg, 0.3 kg and 0.02 kg for man, dog, rat, and
mouse, respectively, and volume of air breathed/day = 10 m 3 , 1 m 3 , 0.262 m 3 , and 0.01 m 3 for man, dog, rat, and mouse, respectively