Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Lay et al. (
1999
)—Instilled 2.6
ʼ
m-Diam
eter Ferric Oxide Particles into Lungs of Non-Smoking Adults
NA
Fe
2
O
3
particles
c
--
3E +08
--
--
--
--
Iron particles produced transient infl ammation
during the fi rst day after instillation.
Schaumann et al. (
2004
)—Instilled into l
ung: non-smoking adults (100
ʼ
g extract) Metal Concentrations,
ʼ
g metal/L of PM extract
Hettstedt,
Germany
PM Extract
--
123.6 (0.23) 93.9 (0.01)
--
17.2 (0.13)
9.0 (0.08)
691.7 (0.49)
PM extracts from both locations increased total
cell counts, only extract from smelter town
(Hettstedt) increased ROS, IL-6, TNF-alpha and
monocytes
Zerbst, Germany
PM Extract
--
35.6 (0.07)
83.1 (0.01)
--
7.2 (0.06)
7.4 (0.07)
148.3 (0.11)
Schins et al. (
2004a
)—Inhalation Ambien
t PM in Children—
ʼ
g/g PM (Ratio to U.S. Average (STN))
Borken, Germany
PM
2.5
--
125.5 (170)
1,440 (110)
--
59.0 (340)
7.04 (48)
--
Platinum signifi cantly associated with increased
number of neutrophils and epithelial cells.
PM
10
--
93.1 (130)
192.1 (15)
--
198.6 (1,100)
4.65 (32)
--
Vanadium weakly associated with increased
concentration of epithelial cells
Duisburg,
Germany
PM
2.5
-- 126.6 (180) 2,390 (190) -- 87.2 (500) 10.56 (72) --
PM
10
-- 91.8 (130) 83.5 (6.6) -- 46.3 (270) 6.48 (44) --
Sorensen et al. (
2005
)
—Inhalation of Ambient PM2.
5 in Non-Smoking Adults—Median Concentrations,
ʼ
g Metal/L of PM Extract
Copenhagen,
Denmark
PM
2.5
Autumn
--
19.6
35.5
--
13.1
3.0
--
Transition metals not signifi cantly associated
with 8-oxodG levels in urine or lymphocytes.
PM
2.5
Summer
--
31.7
44.6
--
42.9
3.2
--
a
Based on STN data, Table
1
b
--: Indicates metals were not measured in the study
c
Authors do not provide mass of PM per extract, making it impossible to express units in
ʼ
g metal/g PM or calculate ratio to U.S. average
NOTE
: No concentrations were reported for Cr, Se and Ti in any of the studies
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