Biomedical Engineering Reference
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from both human and technical point of view is not only required but also crucial.
The need, therefore in many applications, where product quality, economic effi-
ciency or security is focused upon a rational and correct handling of the industrial
process are desirable parameters to be achieved.
The real time and momentarily performed action of an individual operator is
however dependent on experience gained earlier in coherence with unique and
detailed knowledge of the expected systematic process behaviour. The specific
operator power is particularly valid in abnormal and unexpected situations. The
visual and symbolic interface system proposed below, however, show examples of
a new and different approach for communication, the visualisation of the actual
and total process state which includes an ability for prediction, if necessary. This
concept is also a way of securing the identification of different states in the process,
by using a skilled operator who needs to be more of a generalist than mathemati-
cal or control expert. The illustrated system will provide a natural indication with
colours, position and shapes to view the overall process status. By following the
natural human prerequisites, the operator is able to change focus from the individ-
ual process parameters to more overall, complex and human adopted interface.
The two following examples intend to show the ability of presenting addi-
tional sensor (and other) information to an individual (operator) in a manner, by
comprising an integrated and effective information flow with an adaptation that
optimises the communication between human/computer based system capability.
The visualised process interface then secures an effective transfer of intercommu-
nication and guarantees an adjustment to the weakest part in the interface, which
in many cases may be the human operator. Therefore, there is an obvious need
to ensure that the information will be presented to the operator in a trustful and
intelligible way, so that proper decisions could constantly be made. Thus, we need
to know, within a reasonable reliability, that the operator will not discard the at-
tention, i.e., the system has to ensure that attention has been established. Instead
the individual needs to pay attention to the information presented and consciously
add the information to the ongoing process before making suitable decisions and
interact with the process. Even if the information is of no or minor use at that spe-
cific moment, it has to be validated together with other information. Only at that
moment, the human can be acting as a part in the process loop.
7.2.1.1 VISUAL COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
In order to let the operator be more involved in the real time industrial process
structure, without degrading the operator's ability to follow and influence the pro-
cess, then the effectiveness in a transparent but user-friendly perceptual interface
is of high importance. In the following approaches the operator is able to commu-
nicate with a sensor system in real time and interact in a complex process that typ-
ically provides multi-dimensional information. The operator, with limited sens-
ing capabilities, needs to be adapted to an interface offering the best information
flow and ways of presenting the right information.
Also the importance of the
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