Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
illustrates.that.one.does.not.have.to.correct.for.every.slice.and.that.using.one.mirror.shape.either.side.
of.an.optimized.plane.again.provides.a.practical.imaging.solution..he.work.on.AO.within.harmonic.
microscopes. has. also. been. undertaken. and. details. on. the. conigurations. and. methods. used. can. be.
found.in.Jesacher.et.al..(2009).and.Olivier.et.al..(2009).
11.4 Summary
In.this.chapter,.we.have.described.the.basic.requirements.for.a.beam-scanned,.nonlinear.microscopy.
system.incorporating.AO..he.considerations.that.should.go.into.the.optical.system.design.have.been.
explored. speciically. looking. at. the. detailed. requirements. of. where. the. AO. element. should. be. placed.
in.relation.to.the.scan.optics.and.also.emphasizing.the.importance.of.correctly.reimaging.the.mirror,.
scanners,.and.back.aperture.of.the.objective.so.that.they.are.all.in.conjugate.planes..Some.thoughts.were.
then.given.as.to.what.the.users.should.look.for.in.the.actual.AO.element.for.speciic.tasks.and.the.rela-
tive.merits.of.diferent.devices..We.then.examined.ive.diferent.metrics.that.can.be.used.for.optimiza-
tion.of.nonlinear.images.and.how.these.might.be.implemented.in.sotware..he.results.for.the.diferent.
metrics.were.then.given.clearly.demonstrating.that.all.the.methods.work.and.produce.images.that.have.
both.better.image.quality.and.resolution..Some.thought.was.given.to.methods.that.can.then.be.applied.
to.use.AO.for.improved.imaging.in.full.three-dimensional.data.sets.and.these.methods.were.supported.
by.experimental.results.
It.is.clear.that.AO.has.a.signiicant.role.to.play.in.enabling.life.scientists.to.achieve.the.maximum.pos-
sible.from.nonlinear.imaging.systems..Metric-based.image.optimization.is.a.methodology.that.works.in.
such.microscopes.and.further.research.is.needed.to.enable.the.best.solution.for.any.speciic.application.
to.be.determined.but.within.the.next.few.years.it.can.be.expected.that.AO.nonlinear.microscopes.will.
help.scientists.to.uncover.new.biological.mechanisms.through.improved.in-depth.imaging.
Acknowledgments
he.author.acknowledges.funding.from.the.Engineering.and.Physical.Science.Research.Council.UK,.a.
research. excellence. award. from. the. British. Heart. Foundation. in. the. United. Kingdom,. and. European.
Union.Framework.5.funding..In.addition,.much.of.the.practical.research.and.results.were.gathered.by.
various. team. members. over. the. past. eight. years:. at. Strathclyde. University,. Dr.. Amanda. Wright. and.
Dr. Simon.Poland;.and.at.Durham.University,.Dr..Christopher.Saunter.and.Cyril.Bourgenot.
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