Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 43.1. Scores on the grading scale for histopathological
evaluation.
Histological Grade
±
Control
0.030
0.11
±
CB-MSC*
0.030
0.14
±
Osteoinductive CM-MSC**
0.048
0.33
*CB-MSC: cord blood mesenchymalstem cell
**osteoinductive CB-MSC: osteoinductivecord blood mesenchymalstem cell
43.3 Growth Factor-/Stem Cells-Mediated Scaffolds for
Bone Tissue Engineering
Bone tissues have comparatively high self-regenerative capability.
But this natural regenerative capacity is not su
cient to repair a
large bone defect.
8
To treat large bone defects, allograft and auto-
graft bone tissues have been used. However, the limited availabil-
ity of and the risk of disease transmission have hampered the use
of allografts. Tissue-engineered bone tissue has been studied as an
alternative treatment for bone regeneration.
9
Tissue engineering
(TE) approaches have the potential to overcome shortage of donor
tissue.
10
TE strategies use specific combinations of cells, scaffolds,
and bioactive factors for development of viable, three-dimensional
(3D) tissue implants.
11
Here we described a few studies to use BTE
scaffolds with or without growth factors and stem cells for bone
defect healing.
43.3.1
Use of Fibrin and Stem Cells for Bone Defect
Healing in Rabbits
MSCs, which can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and
adipocytes,
12
can be easily isolated from bone marrow (BM) aspi-
rates and expanded to large cell numbers
in vitro
. A challenge for
bone regeneration in a scaffold system is how to provide the cor-
rect signal instructions to bring cells to the appropriate functional
state
in vivo
.
11
Three-dimensional fibrin matrices used as cellular
substrates
in vitro
.Fibrinhasbeenutilizedforapplicationinthefield
of TE. BM stem cells can be embedded within fibrin gel scaffolds for
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