Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
scaffold has a hydrophobic surface, the cell line cannot be attached.
In a recent study, T lymphocytes were cultured with the scaf-
fold and then assayed for proliferation and cytokine secretion.
26
−
28
Such
in vitro
studies are related immune reactions, which are
more important than cell line growth because these reactions are
directly related to the inflammatory cell-induced degradation of the
implanted scaffold
in vivo
.
In general, silk or synthetic polymers have low cell compatibil-
ity. Therefore, many studies havebeen conducted to modify the sur-
face of polymers to improve cell attachment and proliferation. For
example, silk and PGA scaffolds were coated with collagen, which is
a well known protein that has good biocompatibility and cell com-
patibility. The initial attachment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
to the PGA scaffold was superior to the initial attachment of cells
to the silk scaffold, but the average cell density did not differ sig-
nificantly between groups following MSC culture. However, the PGA
scaffold showed a greater increase in peripheral blood mononu-
clear cell (PBMC) proliferation than the silk scaffold
in vitro
. Addi-
tionally, the PGA scaffold resulted in increased levels of interleukin
(IL)-1
β
andinterferon-gamma(IFN-
γ
)whencomparedwiththesilk
scaffold.
29
Taken together, these findings suggest that the results
observedwhen
in vitro
inflammatoryrelatedcellcultureswereused
were more closely related to the
in vivo
results of implantation than
the results of
in vitro
fibroblast-likeor MSC cultures.
28.3 Reinforced Composite Scaffold for
Bioartificial Tissue
Tissueregenerationusingtissueengineeringtechniquesisdesigned
to replace the function and action of the damaged tissue or to
repair original tissue before it reaches its defect point. Syn-
thetic, nonbiodegradable scaffolds currently available play a role in
mechanical function for a short period of time but lead to increased
inflammatory reactions. Indeed, biodegradable scaffolds developed
to date do not concurrently possess satisfactory biocompatibility
andphysicalproperties.Theidealscaffoldusefortissueengineering
must bebiocompatible,nontoxic,and strong.
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