Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Moreover,areinforcedscaffoldcomposedofVicrylandacollagen
sponge were used as dural substitutes because these compounds
should prevent the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, seal fistulae, pre-
vent cortical adhesion, be soft and easy to suture, resist infec-
tion,producedaminimalinflammatoryresponse,and(ifrestorable)
allow regeneration of the host dura to occur. 17
28.2 Biocompatibility of Reinforced Composite Scaffolds
Mostscaffoldsderivedfromnonautologoussourceswillcausesome
degree of foreign-body response after implantation in vivo .Host
responses to scaffolds are evaluated by morphologic and histologic
examination of the tissue at the implant site and are therefore
related to the biocompatibility of the scaffold. Because reinforced
composite scaffolds are composed of various biomaterials, it is nec-
essarytocloselyevaluatethebiocompatibilityofreinforcedcompos-
ite scaffolds.
Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects
of inflammatory cells on various scaffolds. Several groups have
reportedthepotentialfortheuseofcollagen,silk,andbiodegradable
polymers, such as PGA in PLA for scaffolds. Over the past 20 years,
silk and a variety of degradable synthetic materials, including PGA,
have been used as biomaterials. In general, various cell lines have
been utilized for the purpose of evaluating the cell compatibility of
scaffolds in vitro . 18 However, Mathew et al . revealed that, although
polyurethane showed a high level of cell compatibility when cul-
tured with immortal cell lines such as L292 in vitro ,itledtothe
migrationofinflammatorycellssuchasneutrophils,monocytes,and
macrophages toward the implantation site when it was implanted
into rat muscles. 19 Some studies have tested the biocompatibility
of various biomaterials by culturing inflammatory cells, such as
monocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages, with various biomate-
rials in vitro toassessthegrowthandsynthesisofvariouscytokines.
Peripheral blood leukocytes have been used extensively as models
toassessthepotentialtissueresponseto inflammatoryagents,such
asbiomaterials,microorganisms,andallografts. 20 25 Biocompatibil-
ity is typically evaluated by cell line culture in vitro ;however,ifthe
 
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