Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(2004), bilateral initiatives, such as the U.S. President's emergency Plan for aIDS relief
(PePFar), might offer an 'advantage over the Global Fund, which simply making
grants'.
with the H5N1 virus and later identified as the source of infection in its chicken farms in
1997; H5n1 was also discovered in the geese sold in the live poultry markets in vietnam
three years before the chicken farms outbreaks in 2004 (Fao, oIe, and wHo 2005).
Studies in Vietnam have confirmed that some 20 percent of seemingly healthy ducks
are constantly shedding the HPaI virus. Yet vaccination is not feasible because ducks
react differently to the vaccine from chickens, and even continue to excrete the virus in
increased quantities (Fao, oIe, and wHo 2005; wHo 2005).
CFIA (2008) enhanced regulations to control 'specified risk material' in the animal feed
chain (i.e., to prevent bovine remains from being fed to other farm animals). the agency
ought to review the animal feed restrictions in order to ensure that risk material would
also encompass parts from dead chickens and should consider banning the imports of
meat that may have been fed in such a way.
identifying the ones that play a role in increased drug resistance (Garrett 2005a). It could
also develop a global action plan for antibiotic resistance with country-level monitoring
and reporting (Fidler 2004b), as well as enforcing standards that, caused by short-term
need, might also produce long-term equity.
liability to the federal government in order to encourage the quick development of the
swine influenza vaccine; that pandemic never happened, and congress has not passed a
similar law (Garrett 2005a).
of all the key stakeholders—major influenza vaccine manufacturers, regulatory authorities,
governments, and the WHO itself—to ensure a sufficient supply of the vaccine. It
determined that the predicted shortfall could only be overcome through collaboration in
the form of public funding, research, and partnerships. the pharmaceutical industry made
some headway in research and development following the initial H5n1 alert in January
2004, but more remains to be done (wHo 2005).
1957 and 1968, limited production capacity meant it arrived too late to be effective (wHo
2005).
component parts imported from various countries. If travel and transport were restricted
in a pandemic, neither would be able to meet a jump in demand—in fact, masks may not
be produced at all (osterholm 2005).
Jr. 2005).
States, United Kingdom, Mexico, and the european commission created the Global
Health Security Initiative, initially to deal with bioterrorism in 2001.
those governments that ban free-range farming (in favour of less humane indoor facilities)
and order the slaughter of millions of wild waterfowl or culling of domestic birds.
